Connection between Religion and Psychology

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نويسنده:استانتون ال. جانز

نسبت روانشناسى و دين

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سرانجام، امروزه روابط متخصصان بالينى با يكديگر بيشتر بر وجوه فنى عمل بالينى متمركز است. لازم است نسبت به ابعاد اخلاقى ـ دينى موضع روشنترى اتخاذ كنيم. براى مثال، روانشناسانى كه باورهاى پايه و مبنايى آنها قابل ارجاع به يك سنت دينى رسمى شناخته شده است به منظور مرتبط شدن مسؤولانهتر با آن، لازم است نوعى رابطه پاسخگويانه رسمى در قبال آن سنت اتخاذ كنند. متخصصان بالينى كه پيشفرضهاى دينىشان زياد نامتعارف است، بايد با افراد همنظر روابط پاسخگويانه خلاقانهتر و زايندهترى برقرار كنند. اين گونه روابط به متخصصان بالينى كمك مىكند كه در عين حفظ احترام به حقوق مراجعان در قبال كار خود نيز مسؤوليت بيشترى تقبل كنند. خلاصه، روانشناسى بايد موضعى پاسخگو در قبال پيشفرضهاى خويش اتخاذ كند و اين مهم جز از طريق گسترش شبكه روابط متخصصان همكيش ممكن و مقدور نيست. اهداف اصلى مقاله حاضر اين بود كه الف ـ ثابت شود هيچ مرز قاطعى، حوزه انديشه و تعهد دينى را از حوزه فعاليت علمى جدا نمىكند؛ هر چند بر اين نكته نيز پافشارى شد كه در هر حال، علم و دين كاملاً متفاوتند و نبايد يكى گرفته شوند؛ ب ـ آگاهى جامعه روانشناسى درباب اهميت و گستردگى اعتقادات و تعهدات دينى و تأثير آنها بر اهداف حرفهاى روانشناسى معاصر افزايش يابد و ج ـ تجويز مرتبط ساختن آگاهانه اعتقاد دينى با علم و حرفه روانشناسى، زيرا روانشناسى از طريق جستوجوى آشكارتر حوزههاى مشاركت دين با فعاليتهاى نظرى و كاربردى بر غناى نظرى خويش مىافزايد. خلاصه، اگر نظر و عمل روانشناسى به نحو غالب در فهم و اصلاح شرايط انسانى مؤثر است، آنگاه بايد ارتباط كار خويش را با عميقترين لايههاى تعهدات و الزامات آدمى كشف كند.
حتى اگر تلقى روانشناسى اين باشد كه مداخله و مشاركت باورهاى دينى، يكسوگيرى شناختى است كه درمانگر و عالم، به علم و عمل خويش انتقال مىدهد، ولى در عين حال ناچار است تصديق كند كه چنين سوگيريهايى مشخصه ذاتى فعاليت حرفهاى روانشناسان است و درنهايت، اين سوگيريهاست كه به روانشناس رخصت مىدهد هر چيزى را فهم و دريافت كند و در ثانى، محدودكنندهترين و خطرناكترين سوگيريها، سوگيريهايى است كه آزموده نشده و در نتيجه، اثراتش براى روانشناس هميشه ناشناخته مانده است.

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1 مقاله حاضر، تلخيصى از مقالهاى با مشخصات زير است:
Jones, S.L., (1994). A constructive relationship for religion with the science and profession of psychology. American psychologist, V.49, No.3, 184 - 199. [/B]