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RedWine
08-06-2007, 07:36 AM
The above scripture is one of most valid written evidences of the history of the Aryan race, and as can be seen, Dariush, the Achamenian king, in the 5th century BC, declares himself a Persian and form the Aryan race. Herodotus, the father of history, writes at the same times: "In ancient times, the Greeks called Iranians "Kaffe", but they were renowned as Aryans among themselves and their neighbors". In another part of his book, Herodotus writes that the Medians were known as Aryans during a certain period. So in two of the oldest written human documents, the race of the Iranians have been mentioned as Aryan.



On the other hand, in many contemporary books, one reads that the Aryans were not original residents of the land of Iran, and that they migrated to Iran from Central Asia or somewhere in the north of Europe. The point is that if some of the oldest written records of the human history confirm that the residents of the Iranian Plateau were Aryans, why should some claim otherwise?



We will discuss the origins of the Iranian race, not in a bid to regard them as a superior race and fall into the well of racism. Rather, we will try to shed light on some unknown corners of history, which has been mixed with ignorance and lies.



We want to extract the facts out of centuries and millennia and out of paleontological studies, old and new, to prove that Iran is the original land of the Aryan race, that this people has never migrated to any other land, and it has defended its homelands for centuries on end.



There are all numerous reasons that the Aryan race has undergone its evolution from the primitive man to the white man in the Iranian Plateau.



These reasons can be categorized as historical, geographical, mythological, anthropological and linguistically. Against the reasons we will discuss, no valid evidence has been produced to prove that the Aryans migrated from Central Asia or any other place to Iran. What European historians have written in this regard is based on unscientific and unproven hypotheses influenced by racist and political ideas.





The reason for the migration of Aryans from Iran to other places of the world should be searched in climatic events. At the end of Ice Age, as a result of excessive rainfall on the Alborz and Zagros Mountains and the melting of the ice accumulated on the mountains, the rivers flowing through the Iranian Plateau were much larger than they are today. Therefore there was a large lake in the place where to day is the Central Desert. One of the most interesting mythological texts says in this regard: "...In the second phase of the creation of the world, Ahura Mazda created the waters, and the waters flowed towards Farakhekrat Sea which covers one third of the world from the southern outs***ts of Alborz." With the continuous warming of the earth and the decrease in rainfall, this lake gradually dried up and the peoples living around it, who had a common language and Aryan culture, was forced to migrate from Iran. The routes of this great migration are an evidence for the central position of Iran, for the Aryan peoples have set Iran as the center and set out on migration in any direction.



As a matter of fact, many Western historians have declined to accept the politicizes version of history, admitting that Iran was the origin of the Aryan race.



Hegel writes in his book The Philosophy of history: "The principle of evolution begins with the history of Iran". Another prominent orientologist says that: A large part of our cultural and material legacy was unveiled in southwestern Asia the center of which was Iran." Petri, in a famous speech, said that "When Egypt had only just begun the art of pottery, the people of Susa (in Iran) were painting beautiful pictures on ceramics." this shows that the Iranian civilization was 3,000 years ahead of that of Egypt, dating back at least to 12,000 years ago. In other words, when Central Asia was totally buried under thick layers of ice, Iranians were creating pictures on earthenware, which indicates their art and creativity.



Considering the existence of this 12,000 years-old civilization in Iran, would it not be unlikely that 6,000 years ago, a group of people spontaneously crossed the ice covered Siberian lands, suddenly wiping such a civilization off the earth. The word Aryan has roots in world that Iranians called themselves by Ayia, meaning free, noble and steady. The world Iran is derived from this very root, having been transformed from to Ayran Iran, meaning the land of the Aryans. This is the most ancient term applied to the Iranian Plateau, and such a term has never been detected anywhere else in the world, e.g. Europe or Turkistan.



The myth of Aryan's migration to Iran implies that a people have come to Iran from a remote land, giving their name to an already inhabited land which had no name, and that no trace of their name has been remained in their name has been remained in their original homeland. In historical records, Central Asia has been mentioned as the land of Sakas, Masagets, Touran, Soghd, Kharazm, Khiveh, and Turkistan, none of which words has any relation to the word Aryan.



Paleontology is one of the sciences that confirm the formation of the white race in Ian. The Homo sapiens evolved from its Neanderthal ancestors in a 30,000- year process between 50,000 to 20,000 years ago. In the Hutu and Kamarband caves near Behshahr, Iran, bones of men from different historical periods have been found, showing that a kind of human race has continuously dwelled in this area and evolved, meaning that there has been no migration.



In Babylonian and Assyrian sources, one of the largest ancient Iranian tribes has been mentioned as Kas Su, Kassi and Kashi, which in ancient languages and also in the modern language of the people of Gilan means fair-eyed and fair-faced. The name of central city of Kashan (Kassan) is a relic of this ancient Aryan tribe. Many relics of the Kassi tribe has also been found in the Khorramabad region, including paintings in the cave of Dusheh which date back to 15,000 BC. In these paintings, people can be seen riding horses. This is a very valid evidence against the erroneous theories which say that the Aryans brought the horse form Central Asia to Iran around 4,000 BC. Like its ancient riders, the horse is indigenous to Iran since at least 17,000 years ago.



Geology and meteorology confirm the evolution of man in the Iranian Plateau. The supporters of the theory of the migration of the Aryans from the north to Iran assume that with the fall in the temperature during the ice age, men were forced to migrate from the north (Central Asia) to the south (Iran). But the homo race was formed at the end of the third ice age, i.e. when the weather was gradually warming from the south to the north. Therefore, it would have been natural for people to migrate from south to north, and not the other way round. In fact, Central Asia was not habitable for men for thousands of years after the ice age, it only became so in the historic age as a result of the melting and receding of the arctic ice cap. Later groups of Iranians and Chinese migrated to these areas and formed the Turk race through cross breeding. The Indians are a hybrid of early Dravidians and the white Iranian race, a fact, which is evident from their dark skin.



So why have some European historians said that the origin of the Iranians is Central Asia? Because in 1833, an Oxford University professor used the term Aryan to describe a group of languages with common origins. Although he later admitted that parts of his theory were erroneous, the theory of an Aryan race was used by a group of romanticist writers and racist historians.



The Germans, eyeing vast expanses of land in Central Asia, called themselves Aryans and cried for a return to the homeland. They used the Swastika, which, as a "wheel of fire" used to be the arm of the Aryans since ancient times, as a Nazi symbol, to have an alibi to invade Russia. The French, the British, and the Russians found different reasons to call themselves Aryans.

RedWine
09-04-2007, 06:40 AM
براساس تحقيقات پژوهشگر ايراني ژنتيك پزشكي و جمعيتي دانشگاه «كمبريج» كه با كمك و نظارت گروهي از برجسته ترين محققان اين رشته انجام شده، جمعيت هاي ايراني كه با زبان*هاي غير از گروه هندو-اروپائي تكلم مي*كنند به ويژه جمعيت آذري زبان ساكن در فلات ايران ريشه ژنتيكي مشتركي با اقوام ترك زبان ساكن در كشور تركيه و اروپاي شرقي ندارند و بر عكس «شاخص*هاي تمايز ژنتيكي» آنها (مانند FSt) با ساير گروه*هاي ساكن در فلات ايران به ويژه فارسي زبانان نزديك به صفر است كه نشانگر ريشه ژنتيكي مشترك آنها در اعماق تاريخ ايران است.

دكتر مازيار اشرفيان بناب، عضو هيات علمي پژوهشكده باستان شناسي سازمان ميراث فرهنگي كشور كه دانش*آموخته دكتري پزشكي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي تهران و كارشناسي ارشد باستان شناسي از دانشگاه «منچستر» بوده و در حال حاضر مشغول گذراندن ماه*هاي آخر مقطع دكتري تخصصي رشته ژنتيك پزشكي و جمعيتي در دانشگاه «كمبريج» انگلستان است در گفت*و*گو با خبرنگار «پژوهشي» خبرگزاري دانشجويان ايران(ايسنا) خاطرنشان كرد: موضوع تحقيق و مطالعه من در مقطع دكتري مطالعه ژنتيكي اقوام ايراني و بررسي ارتباطات تاريخي و ژنتيكي تمام اقوام ساكن در فلات ايران بوده است.

در اين مطالعه كه با كمك و نظارت گروهي از برجسته ترين محققان ژنتيك تكاملي و جمعيتي انجام شده، نمونه*اي از افراد داوطلب وابسته به تمام گروه*هاي اجتماعي و قومي ايران مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته*اند كه نتايج حاصله بسيار جالب توجه و تعمق مي*باشد.

به گفته وي، مطالعه DNA ميتوكندريال نشان مي*دهد كه ريشه مشترك مادري تمام اقوام ايراني ساكن در فلات ايران به زماني بسيار عقب تر از آنچه در نظريه مهاجرت اقوام آريائي مطرح مي باشد بر مي*گردد بدين ترتيب كه اگر تمامي اختلاط ها و شاخص هاي ژنتيكي مربوط به ساير مناطق جغرافيايي و قومي را از محتواي ژنتيكي نمونه*هاي مدرن ايراني حذف كرده و به كناري بگذاريم، اخيرترين جد مشتري مادري ما (Most Recent common ancestor- MRCA) زماني حدود 10 هزار و 500 تا 11 هزار سال قبل در فلات ايران مي*زيسته است.


وي افزود: نزديكي ژنتيكي بين اقوام ساكن در فلات ايران و از سوي ديگر خاص بودن اين محتوي ژنتيكي در فلات ايران به قدري ملموس و غير قابل انكار است كه حتي به كار بردن كلمه اقوام را در مورد جمعيت هاي ساكن در فلات ايران با شك و ترديد روبرو مي*كند. به اين معني كه آنچه باعث تمايز ژنتيكي گروه*هاي انساني مي شود تا بتوان آنها را به صورت اقوام تمايز يافته در زمان و مكاني خاص تصور كرد ابدا در محتواي ژنتيكي ايرانيان اعم از فارس و آذري و لر و بلوچ و تركمن و .... ديده نمي*شود.

دكتر اشرفيان بناب در گفت*و*گو با ايسنا خاطرنشان كرد: براساس يافته هاي محققان انسان شناسي، فلات ايران اولين و مهمترين گذرگاه انسان مدرن در مسير مهاجرت به سرزمين*هاي ناشناخته و جهت دستيابي به منابع جديد بوده است. بدين ترتيب تصور عمومي در مجامع علمي بر اين است كه اولين حضور و استقرار انسان مدرن در فلات ايران چيزي در حدود 60 تا 70 هزار سال قبل بوده است كه شواهد و يافته هاي سطحي از محوطه هاي پيش از تاريخ نيز بر همين امر دلالت مي*كنند؛ بدين ترتيب انسان مدرن در سرتاسر فلات ايران استقرار و اسكان داشته و پس از طي چند ده هزار سال با پيدايش كشاورزي در حدود 10، 11 هزار سال قبل در منطقه هلال بارور كه بخش*هايي از غرب فلات ايران را نيز شامل مي شود و سپس اهلي كردن حيواناتي مانند برخي احشام نقش عمده*اي در پيدايش اولين فرهنگ هاي يكجانشيني و تمدن هاي اوليه جهاني ايفا كرده است.

وي تصريح كرد: بر اساس منابع تاريخي و باستان شناسي و زبان شناسي موجود تصور كلي بر اين است كه در حدود چهار هزار سال قبل اقوامي مهاجم يا مهاجر كه به آنها نام آريايي داده شده است از آسياي مركزي به سمت جنوب مهاجرت كرده و وارد فلات ايران شده اند و پس از استقرار سه قبيله مهم آنها در فلات ايران (فارس ها در مركز و جنوب، پارتها در شمال شرق و مادها در غرب و شمال غرب) بخشي از اين اقوام به سمت شبه قاره هند و بخش ديگر به سمت اروپا مهاجرت كرده و اقوام مدرن هندو-اروپائي را پديد آورده اند.

عضو هيات علمي پژوهشكده باستان شناسي سازمان ميراث فرهنگي كشور با اشاره به اين كه تاريخ مدون دقيق و قابل اعتمادي در خصوص اين وقايع جمعيتي در دست نيست، به ايسنا گفت: دانشمندان در دهه*هاي اخير براي مطالعه علمي سرگذشت انسان به مطالعات زبان شناسي و ژنتيكي روي آورده*اند. با توجه به اين كه زبان به سرعت و طي گذشت حتي چند نسل مي*تواند به شدت دچار تغيير محتوايي و شكلي شود، امروزه مستندترين و قابل اعتماد ترين يافته*هاي انسان شناسي، در كنار يافته ها و شواهد فسيلي يافته هاي ژنتيكي مي*باشند.

به گفته اين پژوهشگر ژنتيك پزشكي و جمعيتي، در مطالعات ژنتيكي جمعيتي مطالعه DNA ميتوكندريال كه فقط از مادر به فرزندان منتقل مي*شود مي تواند تاريخ و گذشته نسل*هاي مادري را نمايان كند و همچنين مطالعه بخش فاقد نوتركيبي كروموزوم Y كه از پدر به فرزندان مذكر منتقل مي*شود مي*تواند تصوير روشني از گذشته و تاريخ پدري اقوام در طي نسل هاي متمادي در اختيار دانشمندان قرار دهند.


دكتر اشرفيان بناب، در ادامه خاطرنشان كرد: يكي از يافته هاي جالب توجه در مطالعه اخير اين است كه گروه*هاي غير فارسي زبان به ويژه جمعيت آذري زبان ساكن در فلات ايران ريشه ژنتيكي مشتركي با اقوام ترك زبان ساكن در كشور تركيه و اروپاي شرقي ندارند و بر عكس شاخص تمايز ژنتيكي آنها با ساير گروههاي ساكن در فلات ايران به ويژه فارسي زبانان نزديك به صفر است كه نشانگر ريشه ژنتيكي مشترك آنها در اعماق تاريخ اين مرز و بوم است...حتي هزاران سال قبل از اين كه نامي از ايران يا اقوام آريائي در ميان بوده باشد.

وي در گفت*و*گو با ايسنا تصريح كرد: اين در حالي است كه در بيشتر منابع جمعيتي و زبان شناسي ايرانيان را به دو گروه تقسيم مي*كنند. يكي آنها كه به زبان فارسي يا ساير زبانهاي وابسته به گروه هندو-اروپايي مكالمه مي*كنند و تصور بر اين است كه از اعقاب اقوام آريائي هستند و ديگر، آنها كه با زبان*هايي غيراز گروه هندو-اروپائي مكالمه مي*كنند مانند گروه Altaic كه زبانهايي مانند تركي و آذري و تركمن يا افشار را در بر مي*گيرد و تصور مي*رود اين گروه*ها فاقد ريشه مشتري هند و اروپايي هستند؛ اما يافته هاي ژنتيكي اين بررسي همه دلالت بر اين دارند كه ساكنان فلات ايران در گذر تاريخ هر چند بسيار مورد هجوم و آسيب ساير اقوام قرار گرفته اند و گاه زبان و تكلم آنها كم و بيش تحت تاثير قرار گرفته است نه تنها هويت فرهنگي و تاريخي خود را حفظ كرده*اند بلكه محتواي ژنتيكي خود را كه نشان از ريشه مشترك چندين هزار ساله آنان دارد را نيز مصون داشته اند.

اشرفيان بناب همچنين گفت: نتايج اين مطالعه نشان داده است كه برخي از جمعيت هاي ايراني خصوصا هموطنان زرتشتي خصوصيات جمعيتي بسيار خاص و منحصر بفردي را نشان مي*دهند.

وي همچنين تصريح كرد كه نتايج اين مطالعه در قالب چندين مقاله علمي تدوين و منتشر خواهد شد كه در حال حاضر اولين آنها جهت نشر به يكي از مجلات علمي معتبر ژنتيك ارسال شده است