Iran buys Russian passenger jets

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فرود اضطراري هواپيماي تهران_بندرعباس بدليل نقص فني


مدير روابط عمومي سازمان هواپيمايي كشوري گفت: پرواز شماره 457 تهران-بندرعباس 20 دقيقه پس از برخاستن از فرودگاه مهرآباد، بدليل نقص فني مجبور به بازگشت به اين فرودگاه شد.


رضا جعفرزاده با رد آتش سوزي در موتور هواپيما، در خصوص وقوع نقص فني در پرواز شماره 457 تهران - بندرعباس، اظهار داشت:يكي از موتورهاي هواپيما 20 دقيقه پس از پرواز دچار نقص فني شد كه خلبان بدليل رعايت مسائل امنيتي مربوط به مسافران و پرواز، هواپيما را به فرودگاه مهرآباد باز گرداند.
وي افزود: در حال حاضر كليه مسافرين اين پرواز، سالم هستند و سازمان هواپيمايي كشوري نيز با عذرخواهي از مسافران، در تدارك هواپيماي جايگزين براي ارسال آنها به مقصد مي*باشد.
جعفرزاده تصريح كرد:*اين حادثه در پرواز ساعت 40/20 رخ داد كه البته هواپيما قدري تأخير نيز در پرواز داشته است.
وي يادآور شد: عمل خلبان در بازگرداندن سالم مسافرين و هواپيما به نزديكترين فرودگاه، كاري بسيار حرفه*اي و مطابق استاندارد پرواز مي*باشد و جاي قدرداني دارد.
اين در حالي است كه يكي از مسافران پرواز شماره 457 هواپيماي تهران - بندر عباس متعلق به شركت ايران اير به خبرنگار اقتصادي خبرگزاري فارس گفت: اين هواپيما كه قرار بود ساعت 8 امشب تهران را به مقصد بندر عباس ترك كند، با حدود 40 دقيقه تاخير از باند فرودگاه بلند شد و حدود نيم ساعت بعد در آسمان يكي از موتورها دچار آتش سوزي شد.
وي با اعلام اين كه خلبان هواپيما مجبور به خاموش كردن موتور شد، از بازگشت هواپيما به فرودگاه مهر*آباد خبر داد.
اين مسافر افزود: بلافاصله پس از نشستن هواپيما به زمين، تعدادي آمبولانس و ماشينهاب آتش نشاني دور هواپيما را گرفتند.

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هواپيماي ايرباس خريداري شده از كشور ونزوئلا


هواپيماي ايرباس 340 با داشتن 282 صندلي،قادر به انجام 18 ساعت پرواز مداوم و يكي از پيشرفته*ترين هواپيماهاي كشور است كه توسط خلبانان ايراني هدايت خواهد شد.

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هشت ماه پس از اين توافقات در آذرماه ۸۳نمايندگان شركت "آويااستار" روسيه و كارخانجات وابسته براي مذاكرات نهايي و امضا قرارداد فروش پنج تا ۱۰فروند هواپيماي توپولف ۱۰۰ - ۲۰۴به ايران عزيمت كردند.

مذاكرات خريد هواپيماهاي توپولف از روسيه در حالي دنبال شد كه شركتهاي هواپيمايي روس در سال ۲۰۰۴ميلادي ۱۵فروند هواپيماي بوئينگ دست دوم خريداري كردند.

شركتهاي هواپيمايي روس در اين سال تنها چهار فروند هواپيماي داخلي از جمله سه فروند هواپيماي "توپولف- "۲۰۴خريداري كردند.

با اين وجود موضوع خريد هواپيماهاي توپولوف از روسيه بدلايل نامعلوم براي ۱۳ماه راكد ماند و در دي ماه ۸۴با بازديد سفير ايران در روسيه از كارخانه هواپيماسازي "آويااستار" واقع در استان "اوليانوفسك" روسيه ، بار ديگر مطرح گرديد.

"غلامرضا انصاري" ضمن بازديد از خط توليد اين هواپيمابا مدير كارخانه "آويااستار" روسيه در مورد قرارداد دو كشور در مورد خريد هواپيماي مسافربري "توپولف "۲۰۴گفتگو كرد.

مجددا با گذشت ماهها از اين موضوع، در شهريورماه ۸۵يك روزنامه روسي خبر از امضا موافقت نامه اوليه فروش پنج فروند هواپيماي مسافربري "توپولف- "۲۰۴روسي به ايران داد.

به نوشته "ورميانووستي"، شركت "ايليوشين فينانس كو" اين موافقت نامه اوليه را با ايران عقد كرد و "آلكساندر روبتسف" مدير عامل اين شركت گفت:
قرار است قرارداد فروش اين هواپيماها به ايران تا ۱۵ماه دسامبر ( ۲۴آذر ماه) سالجاري امضا شود.

به گفته وي ارزش اين قرارداد ۱۸۰ميليون دلار است و بر اساس آن پنج فروند هواپيماي توپولف از ماه جولاي ۲۰۰۸هر ماه يك فروند به شركت "ايران ايرتور" تحويل خواهد شد.

اين معامله بدون تضمين*هاي مالي دولت روسيه انجام مي*گيرد.

اين روزنامه نوشت: ايران بخاطر تحريم*هاي آمريكا از معدود كشورهاي جهان است كه از هواپيماهاي مسافربري روسي بطور گسترده استفاده مي*كند.

تاريخ مورد اشاره مقامات روس براي عقد قرارداد فروش هواپيماهاي توپولف به ايران همزمان با سفر "كرينكو" به تهران و تشكيل كميسيون همكاريهاي اقتصادي دو كشور است و انتظار مي*رود در جريان آن توافقاتي بين دو كشور در اين زمينه صورت گيرد.

هواپيماهاي مسافربري روسي توپولف از اوايل دهه ۹۰وارد ناوگان هوايي ايران شد و تعداد اين هواپيماها در سالهاي اخير حدود ۳۰فروند بود كه اكثر آن را توپولف - ۱۵۴تشكيل مي*داد.

توجه دو كشور در زمان حاضر بر خريد هواپيماهاي مسافربري "توپولف- "۲۱۴ " "۱۰۰ - ۲۰۴و "توپولف- "۳۳۴و اجاره تعدادي ديگر هواپيما متمركز شده است.

توپولف ۳۳۴در كارخانه هواپيماسازي قازان و توپولف ۲۱۴در كارخانه "اوليانوف" ساخته مي*شود.

دو كارخانه مذكور و سه كارخانه ديگر از جمله در مسكو و كي*يف مجموعه توپولف را تشكيل مي*دهند كه در بيش از ۸۰سال فعاليت خود ۳۵نوع هواپيما را توليد انبوه كرده*اند.

اخيرا نيز هياتي از جمهوري تاتارستان به رياست "حافظ صالح*اف" وزير تجارت و امور اقتصادي اين جمهوري براي معرفي دو هواپيماي "توپولف "۲۱۴و "توپولف "۳۳۴به ايران سفر كرد.

در طول اقامت اين هيات، هواپيماهاي مذكور در تهران و نمايشگاه هوايي خليج فارس در جزيره كيش پروازهاي نمايشي انجام داد.

بر اساس اطلاعات شركت توپولف ، هواپيماهاي توپولف ۲۱۴و توپولف ۳۳۴ هواپيماهاي مسافربري پيشرفته*اي هستند كه با رعايت استانداردهاي اروپايي در مورد صداي موتور، سوخت مصرفي و تجهيزات ناوبري ساخته شده است.

توپولف ۲۱۴با ظرفيت ۲۱۰مسافر داراي برد پرواز ۶۵۰۰كيلومتر است و از سال ۱۹۹۴توليد انبوه مي*شود.

توپولف ۳۳۴نيز داراي ظرفيت ۱۰۲مسافر با برد ۳۱۵۰كيلومتر است كه ۹۵ درصد آن در روسيه و ۵درصد در كي*يف ساخته مي*شود.

به گزارش خبرگزاري "تات اينفورم" تاتارستان "ايگور كالگين" طراح توپولف ۳۳۴گفت: توپولف با هفت شركت هوايي روسيه قرارداد تحويل ۵۵فروند هواپيماي توپولف ۳۳۴امضا كرده و با ۲۴شركت ديگر نيز پروتكل مربوط به فروش ۲۹۷فروند از اين نوع هواپيما دارد.

به گفته وي اين نوع هواپيما در آينده جايگزين هواپيماهاي قديمي "توپولف- ۱۳۴و "۱۵۴و "ياك- "۴۲در ناوگان هواپيمايي مسافربري روسيه خواهد شد.

كالگين مشكل اصلي توليد اين نوع هواپيماها را عدم تامين مالي اين طرح خواند كه هنوز از طرف دولت روسيه صورت نگرفته است.

"ناييل خيرالين" مدير كل مجموعه هواپيماسازي قازان نيز در مورد توليد انبوه هواپيماي توپولف - ۳۳۴گفت: براي اين كار به خريد تجهيزات و دستگاههاي لازم و استخدام يك هزار نفر نياز هست.

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Iran plagued by poor aircraft safety

The Il-76 was first designed in the late 1960s

Sub-standard maintenance is the most likely reason for the crash of a military transport aircraft in south-east Iran which killed 302 passengers and crew, experts say. Two decades of sanctions by the West against Tehran have left the country with a fleet of mainly ageing planes, often fitted with unofficial spare parts.
However snowy and fog-bound weather in the mountainous region near the border with Afghanistan, where the Russian-built jet came down, could also have contributed to the accident, aviation analysts say.
The crash, which killed 284 members of Iran's elite Republican Guard and 18 crew, is the worst air disaster in Iranian history.
Reports have identified the crashed jet as a Russian-built Ilyushin Il-76 transporter plane, a four-engined model originally designed in the late 1960s and which undertook its maiden flight in 1971.
"The safety of such models is not particularly good, especially if they have not been properly maintained," said Chris Yates, Aviation Safety and Security Editor for Jane's Transport.

The aircraft came down in mountains


"The first point is that for some of these Soviet-era planes, the spare parts are simply not available or originate from some other part of the world," he told BBC News Online.
"The majority of air crashes are caused by three major things: firstly, poor aircraft maintenance; secondly - and this is the most common reason - poor weather; and lastly pilot error.
"In this case I would look to maintenance and spare parts in the first instance."
Trade embargo
Since Iran's Islamic revolution of 1979, trade embargoes by western nations have forced Iran to buy mainly Russian-built planes to supplement an existing fleet of Boeings and other American and European models.
According to aviation analyst Jim Eckes of Indo-Swiss Aviation, there is one main problem with maintaining the Russian-built planes.
"It is the supply of spare engines and spare parts from an approved factory source - and there are many unapproved sources where you get the bogus equipment that are available," he told the BBC World Service's World Today.
Another issue was pilot training, he added.
"There is not a simulator available for it (the model of plane) in Iran, so the pilots cannot train under the most extreme conditions, which a simulator provides."
After another Russian-made plane, a civilian Tupolev-154, crashed in south-western Iran in February 2002 with the loss of all 119 on board, Iranian authorities declared all its Russian-built aircraft grounded, the AFP news agency reported.
However this appears to have been widely ignored.
Domestic disaster
Iran has in recent years attempted to circumvent such problems by building its own planes, but this too has been marred by tragedy.

In December last year, 44 people died when a Ukrainian-built Antonov An-140 aircraft flew into a mountainside while preparing to land near the city of Isfahan.
Those killed were mainly Ukrainian and Russian aerospace experts and executives who were in Iran to oversee the maiden flight of a joint Ukrainian-Iranian aircraft based on the An-140.
Iranian investigators blamed pilot error for the crash.
Almost exactly a year ago, 230 people on board an Iranian Air Force Il-76 - also reportedly Republican Guards - had a narrow escape when a fire reportedly broke out in mid-air after it took off from the north-eastern city of Mashad.
The pilot was able to make an emergency landing, according to reports.

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To thwart Iran, Pentagon will destroy old jets



WASHINGTON — The Pentagon plans to destroy its dozens of retired F-14 fighter jets to deny Iran a source for desperately needed spare parts.

Within a day, a $38 million fighter jet that once soared as a showpiece of U.S. air power can be reduced to shreds of twisted metal at the Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson, Ariz., the military's aircraft cemetery. Last month, a contractor finished the first phase of the effort, shredding roughly two dozen.

When it retired the F-14 last fall, the Defense Department intended to destroy spare parts unique to the Tomcat but sell thousands of others that could be used on other aircraft. It suspended sales of all F-14 parts after The Associated Press reported in January that buyers for Iran, China and other countries had exploited gaps in surplus-sale security to acquire sensitive U.S. military gear, including F-14 parts.

Among other tactics, middlemen for the countries misrepresented themselves to gain access to Defense Department auctions or bought sensitive surplus from U.S. companies that had acquired it from the Pentagon sales and weren't supposed to allow its export.

Investigators also found sensitive items accidentally slipping into surplus auctions rather than being destroyed as they were supposed to be.

Iran is the only country trying to keep Tomcats airworthy. The United States let Iran buy the F-14s in the 1970s when it was an ally, long before President Bush named it part of an "axis of evil." Bush accuses Iran of financing terrorism and trying to develop nuclear weapons.

National-security experts say that although Iran is aggressively seeking parts for its fleet, even if it could get its Tomcats off the ground, it could do little with them except perhaps make mischief in the region.

"Those planes as they age are maybe the equivalent of Chevrolets in Cuba. They become relics of a past era," said Larry Johnson, a former deputy chief of counterterrorism at the State Department in President George H.W. Bush's administration.

"Even if they can put them in the air, they are going to face more advanced weapons systems," Johnson added.

But Graham Allison, an assistant secretary of defense in the Clinton administration and now director of Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, sees value in the demolition as an intimidation tactic.

"I think actually it can have an important symbolic effect in communication that these crazy Americans are so capable, that they have so many aircraft, that they can take airplanes that are three generations back and put them through some fantastic machine that eats them up," Allison said.

At last count, the military's boneyard in Arizona held 165 Tomcats, believed to be the only ones left out of 633 produced for the Navy. The others were scavenged for parts,, went to museums or crashed, said a spokeswoman for the air base, Teresa Vanden-Heuvel.

The Navy plans to destroy all the remaining jets, Lt. Bashon Mann said.

Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., considers the F-14 demolitions a good effort but wants to go further and outlaw the sale of Tomcat parts to anyone except museums. Wyden sponsored legislation that also would ban export licenses for F-14 components, which he believes will be more effective than Pentagon policies that he said have changed over time.

"I don't think internal rules — these internal initiatives — based on the track record of the Department of Defense, are sufficient," Wyden said.

The House passed similar legislation in June; a Senate vote is expected later this summer. The White House hasn't said whether Bush backs it.

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Iran has signed a deal with Russia to buy five new Tupolev passenger planes.


President Putin is guest of honour at the MAKS airshow

The deal, announced at the MAKS-2007 international airshow in Moscow, is the single largest sale of Russian passenger planes to a foreign country for many years.

Russia had a powerful aircraft building industry in Soviet times.

But the loss of guaranteed markets in other, formerly Communist countries hit civilian aircraft building hard.

It is now just a shadow of its former self, but the Russian government says it can draw on the experience of the manufacturers of fighter planes and forge new markets.

The bi-annual MAKS airshow outside Moscow provides a great opportunity to project Russia's technological and military might, with new helicopters, fighters and passenger planes performing spectacular aerobatics and roaring past Vladimir Putin.

This year, Russia has showcased four new fighters, from the household names of MiG and Sukhoi.

Russia now equips the airforces of China, India, Malaysia and Venezuela.

Fleet obsolete

The situation in Russian civilian aircraft manufacturing is much more complicated.

Overall production remains far below capacity. Last year, Russia manufactured just 26 civilian aircraft. For comparison, Airbus and Boeing produced more than 250 each.

Yet the Russian Transport Ministry says at least half of the 2,500 passenger planes still in operation in Russia are obsolete and need to be replaced.


Russia's military jets have been showcased at the airshow

That equates to tens of billions of dollars of new orders over the coming years. And on current form, most of them will go to foreign companies.

This was the driving idea behind the creation of a state-owned corporation, UABC, last year.

It brings together more than 20 separate Russian companies involved in civilian and military aircraft building.

Officials say consolidating capacities like this will eventually enable them to secure a 10% share of the global market for passenger aircraft.

For the time being, however, Russia's leading airlines, including Aeroflot, are ordering new Airbuses and Boeings.

The reason they say, is that Western planes are quieter, more efficient, and more comfortable than anything domestic manufacturers can offer.