Ski

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نمايندگان ايران در جمع 10 اسكي باز برتر دنيا قرار گرفتند


طبق جديدترين رده بندي فدراسيون جهاني اسكي(FIS) اسكي بازان ايران در رشته چمن در بين 10 نفر برتر جهان قرار گرفتند.


به نقل از روابط عمومي فدراسيون، براساس اين رده بندي عليداد ساوه شمشكي در رشته مارپيچ سرعت در مكان هفتم و حسين كلهر (قربانعلي) در مكان نهم قرارگرفت.
در رشته مارپيچ بزرگ نيز عليداد ساوه شمشكي مكان هفتم را به خود اختصاص داد و حسين كلهر در رشته مارپيچ كوچك در مكان هشتم اين رده بندي قرارگرفت.
در اين رده بندي ورزشكار جمهوري چك، مدافع قهرماني اين رشته مكان اول را به خود اختصاص داده است.
امتيازات ورزشكاران ايراني با احتساب پوئن مسابقات قهرماني دنيا در ايران و مسابقاتي كه در شهريور ماه سال جاري تحت نظارت فدراسيون جهاني برگزار شد، اعلام شده است.

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A ski is a long flat device worn on the feet designed to help the wearer slide smoothly over snow. Originally intended as an aid to travel in snowy regions, they are now primarily used for recreational and sporting purposes. Also, a ski may denote a similar device used for other purposes than skiing, e.g., for steering snowmobiles.

Snow skis glide on snow because downward pressure, as well as heat from surface friction, melts the snow directly under the ski. This creates a very thin layer of water directly under the ski upon which the ski glides. This is why if there is freezing rain that freezes to the bottom of the ski perhaps when carrying the ski, the ski, when set down on the snow, won't glide until the ice wears off or is knocked off. Ski wax is used to decrease drag by increasing the water repellency properties of the base.

Construction

Skis were originally wooden planks made from a single piece of wood. They are now usually made from a complex assembly of components including glass fiber, Kevlar, Titanium or composite materials, though many may still contain wooden cores.

Most skis are long and thin, pointed and curved upwards at the front to prevent it from digging into the snow. The user is attached by bindings which in turn hold the ski boots. Beginning in the early 2000's, many ski manufaturers began designing their skis and bindings together, creating an 'integrated binding system.' These systems serve two purposes. First, they often use a railroad track style design, to allow the toe and heel pieces to slide, which in turn allows the ski to flex deeply, without a flat-spot underfoot, caused by the presence of a binding. Second, it forces the consumer to purchase both skis and bindings from the same manufacturer, increasing profits.


Types of ski

Many types of skis exist, all designed for use different situations, of which the following are a selection.


Downhill ski

Up until not too long ago, downhill skis were of very simple construction. They began, as stated before, as planks of wood. Later on metal edges were added to better grip the snow and ice of a ski trail. These straight skis were very difficult to turn, necessity, being the mother of invention brought about the shaped ski. Now, Downhill skis are "shaped" (when viewed from above or below, the center or "waist" is narrower than the tip or tail, and the cut from tip through waist to tail follows either a parabolic curve, or an arc, on either side of the ski) to promote easy turning. Most varieties of skis have a metal edge running the length of the sides that once sharpened allow the ski to grip more effectively on hard packed snow and ice.

By setting the ski at an angle so that the edge cuts into the snow, the ski will follow the arc and hence turn the skier, a practice known as carving a turn. Influenced by snowboarding, during the 1990s this shaping of the ski became significantly more pronounced to make it both easier for skiers to carve turns, and to dramatically increase the turning sensation experienced. Such skis were once termed carving skis, or shaped skis or parabolic skis to differentiate them from the more traditional straighter skis, but nearly all modern skis have this non-linear shape now.



The ski binding anchors the foot firmly to the ski at heel and toe. As a safety feature, it is spring-loaded, detaching the ski from the foot in case excessive force is applied. Modern bindings utilize a DIN spring system to minimize the amount of force applied to joints such as the knee during backward twisting falls. The ski is turned by applying a mixture of pressure, rotation and edge angle.


Twin-tip ski

Twin-tip skis, also known as "freestyle skis", are skis with turned-up ends at both the front and rear. Twin-tip skis make it easier to ski with one's back facing downhill, allowing reversed take-offs and landings when performing aerial maneuvers. The turned-up tail allows less application of aft pressure on the ski, causing it to release from a turn earlier than a non-twin-tip ski. Twin-tip skis are generally wider at the tip, tail, and underfoot and constructed of softer materials to cushion landings. Bindings are typically mounted closer to the center of the ski to facilitate the balance of fore and aft pressure, while skiing backwards or "switch", bindings are built lower to the ski for easy rail sliding. The popularity explosion of twin-tip skis created a push for the inclusion of more terrain park elements at ski areas across the globe. In the past five years twin tips have become popular among youth skiers, ages 14-21. Once considered a passing fad, twin-tip skis have become a staple ski in the product line of all major ski-producing companies worldwide, with a few specializing in only twin tips. Line Skis, started by Jason Levinthal, is the first company to market only twin-tip skis. The first twin-tip ski was the Olin Mark IV Comp introduced in 1974. The first company to successfully market a twin-tip ski was Salomon, with their 1080 ski.


Alpine touring ski

Alpine touring ski. This type of ski is usually a modified light-weight downhill ski with an alpine touring binding. Like the backcountry ski it is designed for unbroken snow. For climbing of steep slopes, skins (originally made from the fur of seals, but now made of synthetic materials) can be attached at the base of the ski and the binding opened at the heel. For skiing downhill the bindings are locked. The ski is used with alpine touring boots which are hard but lighter than downhill skiing boots.


Monoski

The monoski is a single, double-width ski that attaches by a common DIN binding interface to modern front entry boots. More common in use during a brief boom in the 80s, today the monoski is used by only a few thousand enthusiasts world-wide. The monoski is produced by only half a dozen companies world-wide in limited quantities. Due to its extra width and flotation in deep snow, enthusiasts claim it superior as a powder ski.

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Telemark ski

Telemark ski. A downhill or touring ski, where the binding attaches only at the toe. The Telemark ski was the first ski with an inwards-turned waist which made it much easier for skiers to turn. It was pioneered by Sondre Norheim of Telemark, Norway. The fact that the foot is only attached to the ski at the toes, means that specialized more flexible ski boots are used, and a specific turning technique involving pushing one foot forward and lifting the heel of the other foot is used.


Cross-country ski

Cross-country skis are very light and narrow, and usually have quite straight edges, though some newer skis have slight sidecut. The boots attach to the bindings at the toes only. There are three binding systems currently used, Rottefella's NNN and Salomon's SNS profil and SNS pilot. The ski bases are waxed to reduce friction during forward motion, and kick wax can also be applied to get adhesion when going uphill. Some waxless models may have patterns on the bottom to increase the friction when the ski slides backward. There are two major techniques, classical (traditional striding) and freestyle or skating which was developed in the 1980s. Skating skis are shorter than classical skis and do not need grip wax. Skating is also the technique used in biathlons.


Backcountry ski

Skis for mountain/backcountry/cross-country free range skiing which are designed for skiing on unbroken snow, where an established track is lacking. These are characteristically quite wide, and with cable bindings to provide general sturdiness, and to better extract ones feet from deep snowbanks, in case it should be impossible to reach the bindings by hand. This is also the model used by military forces trained to fight in winter conditions, and the most closely related to the historical ski. The widest backcountry skis are often called 'Big Mountain' skis.


Mogul ski

These skis are specifically designed for Moguls. They are typically softer, less wide and less waisted compared to a common carving ski.


Ski jumping ski

Skis for ski jumping. Long and wide skis, with bindings attaching at the toe.


Skiboards and Bigfoots

Skiboards, also known as snowblades, are short skis, typically 90-130cm, marketed originally as a more convenient method of skiing, but now for those who want extreme freestyle on the slope. Skiboard bindings are mounted closer to the center of the ski, typically do not have a DIN style binding, and require an ankle leash due to the absence of a braking system. The Snowblade name was originally marketed by ski company Salomon during a short ski fad in the mid 1990s. Before this time period the Austrian ski company Kneissl produced a short, foot shaped ski called the Bigfoot. The Bigfoot ski was popular during the late 80s and early 90s. The Line ski company has manufactured ski boards since the mid 1990s and is credited with the creation of the first modern, twin tip ski board. Skiboards, when skiing on extreme high speed and on the flat bottom of the skiboard, tend to vibrate, and thus some people prefer to ski on the edge of the ski in order to decrease the vibration and have more control of the ski. Others, especially veterans, found the vibration to be a non issue. As with skis, the edges can still be used to decrease contact with the snow (and thus increase speed).

Due to their much shorter size, skiboards can be easier to learn on, and much more agile, than conventional skis. Compared with traditional skis, they can make blue trails as easy as green; make moguls a non-issue; facilitate uphill climbing; aid tricks (by being easier to turn in the air); and be carried and stored more easily.

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Skiing is the activity of gliding over snow using skis (originally wooden planks, now usually made from fiberglass or related composites), with metal edges, strapped to the feet with ski bindings. Originally used primarily for transportation, skiing evolved into a popular recreational and competitive activity during the 20th century.

History


Skiing probably evolved gradually from snowshoeing and originally was a practical way of getting quickly from place to place in snowy climates. Early forms of skiing resembled today's Nordic, or cross-country, style.

Sondre Norheim is often called the "father of modern skiing". In the 19th century, Sondre Norheim invented bindings that enabled the skier to do turns while skiing down hills. This form of skiing was called Slalom (sla låm, Norwegian dialect expression for a difficult track) by Norheim and his contemporaries. This form of skiing is now referred to as Telemark skiing or telemarking.

The invention of firmer bindings to anchor the skier's feet to the ski, likely by Austrian Mathias Zdarsky, enabled the skier to turn more effectively and led to the development of Alpine, or Downhill, skiing.

Shortly thereafter, in the early 20th century, Austrian Hannes Schneider pioneered the idea of rotating the body to help steer the skis. Soon this Arlberg technique, named for his home region, spread around the world and helped make skiing a popular recreational activity.


Types of skiing

Many different types of skiing are popular, especially in colder climates, and many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Ski Federation (FIS), and other sporting organizations. Skiing is most visible to the public during the Winter Olympic Games where it is a major sport.

In skiing's traditional core regions in the snowy parts of Scandinavia, as well as in places such as Alaska, both recreational and competitive skiing is as likely to refer to the cross-country variants as to the internationally downhill variants.

For most people Worldwide, "skiing" refers to recreational cross-country skiing, whereas in North America many people think of Alpine Skiing where one visits a ski resort, purchases a lift ticket, dons cold-weather clothing, skis, ski boots and ski poles, and embarks on a chairlift, gondola lift, or other means of mechanical uphill transport. Upon reaching the summit, the skier disembarks from the ski lift and travels downhill, propelled by gravity, usually along a marked route known as a piste, 'run,' 'trail,' or 'slope'. Most ski resorts use mechanical equipment to 'groom,' or pack down and smooth, the snow surface on certain ski trails. Grooming is normally associated with trails of lesser difficulty. Off-piste skiing includes skiing in unmarked or unpatrolled areas either within the ski resort's boundaries or in the backcountry, frequently amongst trees ("glade skiing"), usually in pursuit of fresh fallen snow, known as powder.

Skiing or snowboarding outside a ski resort's boundaries, also known as out of bounds skiing, is illegal in some ski resorts, due to the danger of avalanches on the un-patrolled areas; or the cost of search-and-rescue for lost or overdue skiers. France and Canada are two of the few countries permitting this activity. However, lost or overdue backcountry travellers are usually held responsible for the cost of search-and-rescue service if uninsured. Backcountry skiers traveling in steep terrain prone to avalanches are encouraged to take avalanche training, travel with other experienced people, and carry special equipment for self-rescue. It is recommended that skiers make the local ski patrol aware of where they are going if they stray off-piste in case of avalanches or bad weather that could put skiers in danger.


Skiing techniques are difficult to master, and accordingly there are ski schools that teach everything from the basics of turning and stopping safely to more advanced carving, racing, mogul or "bump" skiing and newer freestyle techniques. The venue, speed and technical difficulty associated with the sport can lead to collisions, accidents, hypothermia and other injury or illness, occasionally including death. Regional Ski Patrol organizations, such as the National Ski Patrol in the U.S., exist as a voluntary organization to provide guidance, help, medical assistance and emergency rescue to those in need of it.

Many non-skiers wonder why skiers are willing to risk such injury. Skiers have a variety of answers to this question, but a common explanation is that skiing simply feels exhilarating, rather like flying, and that, when done carefully, poses no greater risk of injury compared to other sports. Also, since the sport is often performed in remote areas at high altitudes, the air is clean, and the views may be really beautiful. Of course, there is some aspect of danger, but facing the danger is part of the appeal for some. For beginning skiers learning under a trained instructor, skiing speeds are low, the terrain is not steep and is often well-manicured, and the risks are relatively low. For extreme skiers, testing their expert abilities against ever more challenging terrain, the risks may be much higher. Many skiers have had experiences where they have achieved a union of the mind and the body by practising this sport; where the mind trusts the body to perform in an exceptional manner and the body trusts the mind not to lead it off an un-navigable cliff. A sense of harmony and of peak experience can result in a feeling of wholeness of self.

In addition to its role in recreation and sport, skiing is also used as a means of transport by the military, and many armies train troops for ski warfare. Ski troops played a key role in retaining Finnish independence from Russia during the Winter War, and from Germany during the Lapland War, although the use of ski troops was recorded by the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus in the 13th century. The sport of Biathlon was developed from military skiing patrols.

Skiing was pronounced "she-ing" at the start of the 20th century, after the Norwegian pronunciation, and was usually written "ski-ing".


Skiing for people with disabilities

Downhill skiing for people with disabilities is both a recreational pastime and a competitive sport open to those with any manner of cognitive and/or physical disabilities. Adaptations include the use of outriggers, ski tip retention devices, sit-skis like monoskis and bi-skis, brightly colored guide bibs, ski guides, and inter-skier communication systems or audible clues for blind skiers. Recreational skiing programs for people with disabilities exist at mountains across the globe. In the northeastern United States, Maine Handicapped Skiing is one of the largest, operating at Sunday River ski resort. In the western part of the United States, the National Sports Center for the Disabled at Winter Park Resort near Denver, Colorado attracts both first-timers and world-class disabled athletes from Europe, Asia, and North America. Currently the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and the International Ski Federation (FIS) sanction a number of regional, national, and international disabled skiing events, most notably a World Cup circuit, a Disabled Alpine Skiing World Championships, and the Paralympic Winter Games. Skiing for people with disabilities became popular after World War II with the return of injured veterans.


Skiing and society

In some places, particularly in the United States, skiing is often associated with wealth. Some resorts, particularly several in the American state of Colorado, are known as places where the affluent go on vacation.

The term "ski bum" has been used to classify skiers who spend the entire skiing season at the resort, engaging in their favorite sport and obtaining jobs, mainly in the local tourism industry to make a living. More commonly many different types of people engage in skiing. Some people take days off of work occasionally, go after work, after school, or on the weekends, for short trips if the ski resort is near their home. This makes up the bulk of the ski crowd.

Since the 1980s when snowboarders began to share hills with downhill skiers, a small rivalry between skiers and boarders has developed both on and off the slopes, though it has usually remained friendly and has increased the notoriety of both sports. Skiers have often called boarders human moguls as the rest state for boarders is a sitting stance with the board perpendicular to the slope. This is because it is difficult to balance on one edge of the snowboard while stationary.


Ski trail ratings

North America

In North America, a color–shape rating system is used to indicate the difficulty of trails (otherwise known as slopes or pistes).

There is no governing body that assigns difficulty ratings to ski trails. Instead, ski resorts assign ratings to their own trails, marking a given trail according to its relative difficulty when compared with other trails at that resort. As a result, identically-pitched trails at different resorts can have different ratings.

Although slope angle is the primary consideration in assigning a trail rating, other factors come into play — including trail width, normal snow conditions and whether or not the resort regularly grooms the trail.

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Europe

In Europe, pistes are classified by a similar, colour-coded system, although shapes are not used (all ratings are circles). The ratings are:

Green
Learning or 'baby' slopes. These are usually not marked trails, but tend to be large open, gently sloping areas at the base of the ski area.
Blue
An easy trail, similar to the North American Green Circle, and are almost always groomed, or on so shallow a slope as not to need it.
Red
An intermediate slope. Steeper, or narrower than a blue slope, these are usually groomed, unless the narrowness of the trail prohibits it.
Black
An expert slope. Steep, may or may not be groomed, or may be groomed for moguls. It is worth noting that 'Black' can be a very wide classification, ranging from a slope marginally more difficult than a 'Red' to very steep avalanche chutes like the infamous Couloirs of Courchevel.
Yellow
In recent years, many resorts reclassified some black slopes to yellow slopes. This signifies a s***oute, an ungroomed and unpatrolled slope which is actually off-piste skiing in a marked area. Famous examples are the Stockhorn area in Zermatt and the Tortin slopes in Verbier. In Austria, s***outes are usually marked with orange squares instead.

Alpine slope classification in Europe is less rigidly tied to slope angle than in North America. A lower angle slope may be classified as more difficult than a steeper slope if, for instance, it is narrower and/or requires better skiing ability to carry speed through flatter sections while controlling speed through sharp hairpin turns, off-camber slope angles or exposed rock.


Japan

Japan uses a color-coded system, but shapes do not usually accompany them. Some resorts, mainly those catering to foreigners, use the North American or European color-coding system, adding to the confusion. When in doubt, check the map legend. The usual ratings are:

Green
Beginner slopes. These are usually near the base of the mountain, although some follow switchback routes down from the top.
Red
Intermediate slopes. At most ski areas in Japan, these constitute the majority of the slopes (40° to 60°, depending on how the slopes are accounted).
Black
Expert slopes. These are the steepest and most difficult slopes at the ski area. The difficulty of these compared to like-classified slopes at other ski areas is heavily dependent on the target audience.

Japan has more than 600 ski areas (108 in Nagano Prefecture alone), many of them small and family-oriented, so comparisons between slope classifications in Japan and "equivalent" slopes in Europe or North America are minimal.


Snow and weather

Skiers and snowboarders can encounter a wide range of snow and weather conditions, in part due to the location of specific resorts and global weather patterns at the time.

Natural snow ranges in consistency from very light and fluffy to dense and heavy, depending upon atmospheric conditions as it falls. Snow is often measured by moisture content, or the amount of water in a given volume of snow. Some areas of the United States' Rocky Mountains, for example, can receive considerable amounts of snow with moisture content as low as three to five percent; in the Northeastern United States and the Alps, moisture content is more typically 15 percent or more. Snow made by mechanical snowmaking often has moisture content of 35 percent or more.

Temperatures play a critical role in snow moisture content, but other atmospheric conditions are also relevant. Air currents and other factors determine snow crystal shape; obviously, the farther apart given snow crystals are, the more air is contained in the newly settled snow, resulting in lower net moisture content in a given volume of snow. Snow produced mechanically typically has high relative moisture content and low amounts of loft because the crystal structure resembles small, dense pellets.

Even the fluffiest snow has mass, and snow typically settles under its own weight after time. This is one reason why untouched snow measuring 20 cm on the day it falls might be measured at 15 cm the day following. Snow is also subject to sublimation - a process by which water can go directly from a frozen state to a gaseous state without first melting. It is this same process that ultimately makes ice cubes shrink in a freezer.

There are other factors that impact snow beyond its moisture content and crystal shape, however. Snow is impacted by wind, sunlight, skier traffic, ambient air temperature, relative humidity and grooming equipment; all of these factors combine to change snow crystal shape and density over time.

Thus, skiers and snowboarders typically encounter a wide range of snow conditions over the course of a season. Some of the more common conditions include:

* Powder: Light, fluffy snow, found during and immediately after snowfall. Skiing and snowboarding in deep powder snow is a favorite among skilled, experienced skiers and snowboarders; sometimes known as powderhounds.

* Packed Powder: Packed Powder is powder snow that has been compressed, either by means of mechanical snow grooming apparatus or skier traffic. The term can also be used to describe snow that has been properly made with adequate control over snowmaking apparatus. This snow condition is favored by beginners and the majority of recreational skiers, in that it tends to be relatively forgiving, easy to turn upon, and requires less skill to negotiate than powder snow.

* Granular snow: Granular snow crystals are small pellets. Depending on sun and temperature conditions, it may be wet granular snow - meaning that there is a considerable amount of unfrozen water in it, or loose granular snow, which has no unfrozen water. Wet granular snow will form a snowball; loose granular snow will not. Wet granular conditions are often found in the springtime. Loose granular conditions are generally produced when wet granular snow has re-frozen and then been broken up by snowgrooming apparatus.

* Corn snow: Corn snow is the result of repeated daily thaws and nightly re-freezing of the surface. Because of the thaw-refreeze cycle, snow crystal shapes change over time, producing crystal shapes somewhat akin to wet granular, but larger. True corn snow is a delight to ski or ride.

* Ice: skiers and snowboarders typically regard any snow condition that is very hard as 'ice.' In fact, true ice conditions are comparatively rare. An exception of this rule is in the eastern United States where true ice is fairly common and is referred to by locals as "blue ice" or "boilerplate". Much of what is perceived to be ice is actually a frozen granular condition - wet granular snow that has refrozen to form a very dense surface. Telling the difference is comparatively easy; if one can get a ski pole to stand up in it, the surface is likely to be more of a frozen granular surface than an icy one - and while it's certainly not as enjoyable as many other snow conditions, skilled skiers and snowboarders can successfully negotiate it. In fact, it's a preferred condition among racers, in that the surface tends to be quite fast and race course conditions tend to remain more consistent during the race, with fewer ruts developing on the course. Another form of icy condition can be found at higher elevation resorts in the Rocky Mountains and in Europe; direct sunlight can melt the top layers of snow crystals and subsequent freezing and produce a very shiny, slick surface.

* Crust: Crusts are extremely challenging conditions. A crust condition exists when soft snow is covered by a harder upper layer upon the surface. This crust can be created by freezing rain (precipitation formed in warmer upper levels of the atmosphere, falling into a temperature inversion at which surface temperatures are below freezing, and freezing on contact with the ground), by direct sunlight, and by wind loading which packs down the upper layers of the snowpack but leaves lower layers more or less unaffected.

* Spring Conditions: a catch-all term ski areas use to describe conditions when numerous different surface types can be found on the mountain - usually in the later part of the season, although the term is sometimes used during an extended midwinter thaw. The term also generally reflects the presence of bare spots and/or areas of thin cover. With spring conditions, the snow is usually firm in early morning (even reaching frozen granular status if left ungroomed), breaking a softer corn or wet granular surface mid-day, and is often very soft and mushy in afternoon (many skiers refer to this type of snow condition as 'mashed potatoes," due to its heaviness). In some instances when the snow is untracked, sun baked, slightly dirty, with the consistency of a snow cone, it is called 'tecate powder.' The speed with which conditions change on a given spring day is directly related to the exposure of the slope relative to the sun. East- and south-facing slopes tend to soften first; west-facing slopes generally soften by mid-day. North-facing slopes may hold on to their overnight snow conditions throughout the day.


New developments

The combination of kiteboarding technology with skiing has led to the creation of a new sport, snowkiting. Harnessing the pull of the wind with a kite, snowkiters are able to make very large jumps and travel uphill.


Trivia

Skiing is one of the few words in the English language that contains two "i"s in a row.

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Types of skiing

* Alpine skiing (also known as Downhill skiing)
* Backcountry skiing (also known as Off Piste skiing)
* Cross-country skiing (also known as Nordic skiing)
* Extreme skiing
* Freeskiing
* Heliskiing
* Newschool skiing
* Telemark skiing
* Speed skiing
* Ski jumping
* Ski mountaineering
* Ski touring
* Snowboarding
* Snowkiting
* Freestyle skiing


* Cat skiing is a type of snow skiing that involves the use of a snowcat to transport skiers up mountainous terrain rather than helicopters or ski lifts used at ski resorts. It is considered a form of backcountry skiing or off-piste skiing, as the hazards encountered in a backcountry mountain environment are the same and professionals often guide participants.


Turning techniques

* Stem techniques
o The Snowplough - (also known as the wedge) - snowplough turn
o The Stem Christie
* Parallel turn
* Carve turn
* Telemark turn
* Pivot turn


Equipment

* Skis
* Ski bindings
* Ski boots
* Ski poles
* Ski wax
* Ski suit
* Ski helmet
* Ski gloves
* Sunglasses
* Specialized Alpine touring equipment


Competition events

* Arlberg-Kandahar competition
* Winter Olympic Games
* Winter Paralympic Games
* Four Hills Tournament
* Winter X-Games


Alpine events

* Alpine Skiing World Cup
* Alpine World Skiing Championships
* Freestyle
* Slalom
* Giant slalom
* Super Giant Slalom
* Downhill
* Alpine skiing combined
* Speed Skiing
* Moguls


Nordic events

* Biathlon
* Nordic combined
* Ski jumping
* Cross-country skiing


Skiing organizations

International organizations:

* International Biathlon Union (IBU)
* International Free Skiers Association (IFSA)
* International Ski Federation (FIS)
* International Ski Instructors Association (ISIA)
* International Skiing History Association (ISHA)

National organizations:

* Iran Ski Federation
* US National Ski Hall of Fame
* Professional Ski Instructors of America
* Swiss Ski Association (in French and German)
* British Association of Snowsport Instructors
* Ski Club of Great Britain
* United States Ski and Snowboard Association
* Croatian Ski Association / Hrvatski skijaški savez (HSS)
* National Ski Patrol


Ski safety

Skiing is a winter sport that everyone can enjoy, but there are a few things you should consider before hitting the slopes. Here are some valuable tips to consider before going out skiing with your friends and family.

First, you should be fit for this activity because injury may occur if you’re not fit enough. Just like other sports before you go out you should do some warm ups. This will lessen the probability that injury will occur.

Ask for assistance, if you feel you’re not good enough to hit the slopes you should consider skiing with an expert or instructors by your side. Skiing is prone to injury so it’s a must that you know your skiing fundamentals. Knowing your limitations is the first step in NOT getting injured.

Safe skiing equipment is a must. Make sure all your equipment is in good condition; especially the ski bindings make sure they are properly adjusted to suit your needs.

Here are some tips on what to bring before you go skiing.

1. Wear ski gloves or mittens which will help to keep your hands warm and protect from the cold.

2. Goggles or sunglasses to protect your eyes from harm. Because flying particles may enter your eyes tearing can occur from the cold if you’re not wearing any eye protection.

3. Fleece top or sweater; the mid-layer or insulating garment.

4. Parka, anorak, or shell; in other words, your outer layer garment.

5. Poles which are correct for your height.

6. Thermal underwear and ski socks.

7. Wear a Helmet to avoid head injuries.

8. Boots which are sized properly when worn over one pair of warm socks.

9. Water-resistant and windproof pants or salopettes.

10. Skis that are the right length for your height and ability, mounted with ski bindings properly adjusted for your height/weight and ability.

* Avalanches
* Cornice (climbing)
* Crevasses
* Mountain rescue
* Ski patrol


Ski resorts

* See list of ski areas
* National Ski Areas Association


Ski lifts

* Aerial tramway (or cable car)
* Chairlift
* Detachable chairlift (often a higher speed chairlift)
* Funitel
* Funicular
* Gondola lift
* Rope tow
* Platter lift (or button lift)
* T-bar lift
* Telemix
* Magic carpet

[Rasputin]

Yes! Every Winter!

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مدير مجموعه پيست اسكي ديزين:

اردوي تيم ملي اسكي دانش*آموزي در پيست ديزين برپا شد


مدير مجموعه پيست اسكي ديزين گفت: به منظور آماده*سازي تيم ملي اسكي دانش*آموزان*، اين تيم در پيست اسكي ديزين اردوي خود را برپا كرد*.


قربانعلي سولقاني افزود: در اين اردو كه تا 10 بهمن ادامه خواهد داشت، 10 اسكي*باز دانش*آموز در رد*ه*هاي سني نونهالان، جوانان و نوجوانان براي حضور در مسابقات اسكي كه در كشور آندورا برگزار مي*شود*، به تمرين خواهند پرداخت.

وي ادامه داد: اين مسابقات كه 4 تن از شركت*كنندگان آن دختر هستند روز 14بهمن در كشور آندورا برگزار مي*شود*.

سولقاني در پايان همچنين از برگزاري پانزدهمين دوره مسابقات آسيايي خبر داد و گفت: بعد از اتمام مسابقات فوق پانزدهمين دوره مسابقات آسيايي *به ميزباني كشور ژاپن برگزار مي*شود و شركت*كنندگان اوايل اسفند براي حضور در اين مسابقات به كشور ژاپن اعزام خواهند شد*.

[donsaeid]

پيست اسكي ياسوج با تجهيزات و امكانات لازم براي سرويس*دهي به مسافران نوروزي آماده است.

مديركل تربيت بدني كهگيلويه*وبويراحمد گفت: اين پيست كه ارتفاع برف آن به بيش از دو متر مي*رسد، در دامنه كوه دنا و در ۱۶كيلومتري شمال ياسوج واقع شده است.

سيد عبدي افتخاري شنبه در گفت و گو با ايرنا افزود: پيست اسكي كاكان ياسوج با دو هزار و ۶۰۰متر ارتفاع و ۸۰۰متر طول مفيد ، به دستگاه بالابرنده (تله*اسكي) و ديگر تجهيزات مربوط به اين رشته ورزشي مجهز است.

وي، وجود مناظر و چشم*اندازهاي زيباي كوهستاني را از ويژگيهاي منحصر به فرد پيست اسكي كاكان ياسوج عنوان كرد و گفت: به دليل ريزش برف و ليز بودن سطح جاده منتهي به اين پيست ، لازم است كه علاقه*مندان به رشته ورزشي اسكي وسايل ايمني و لباس گرم به همراه داشته باشند.

[Rasputin]

براي نخستين بار در تاريخ 56 ساله فدراسيون اسكي ايران، تعداد آراي ايران در مجمع فدراسيون جهاني به دو راي رسيد.

به گزارش خبرگزاري دانشجويان ايران (ايسنا)، در جديدترين رده*بندي بهترين*هاي فدراسيون بين*المللي اسكي، ايران با قرار گرفتن ميان 15 كشور برتر جهان، توانست براي نخستين بار در تاريخ 56 ساله اين فدراسيون تعداد آراي خود در مجامع فدراسيون جهاني را به دو راي برساند.

تنها كشورهايي در مجامع فدراسيون جهاني دو راي دارند كه از لحاظ فني مورد تاييد فدراسيون بين*المللي باشند.

سال آينده انتخابات فدراسيون بين المللي اسكي (فيس) برگزار مي*شود و كسب اين دو راي مي*تواند تاثير مهمي روي كسب كرسي*هاي ديگر جهاني براي ايران در پي داشته باشد.

منوچهر روشن*پور دبير فدراسيون اسكي در اين رابطه به خبرنگار ايسنا گفت:« سال گذشته، هجده دوره مسابقات مختلف را برگزار كرديم كه در بيش*تر آنها نماينده*ي فدراسيون جهاني حضور داشت و اين رقابت*ها در حد مسابقات بين*المللي محسوب مي*شدند.»

وي افزود:« همچنين در بحث آموزش و تعامل بيشتر با فدراسيون*هاي جهاني عملكرد موفقي داشتيم كه مي*تواند يكي از دلايل افزايش تعداد آرا ايران باشد.»

[Rasputin]

Iran skiers win 2 medals in Turkey



TEHRAN (Press TV) -- Iranian skiers win 2 medals in Turkey.


The Iranian ski team has claimed one silver and one bronze medal on their first day at an international ski competition in Turkey.

101 skiers from the U.S., Greece, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Austria, Ghana, Turkey and Iran competed on the first day of Friday's slalom.

The Greek skier came first, while the Iranians Hossein Saveh-Shemshaki and Pouria Saveh-Shemshaki took second and third places respectively.

The event doubles as preliminary to the 2010 Olympic berth in Vancouver, Canada.

[setarehjoon]

Not much snow where I live, but I like to try it for fun.

[Rasputin]

Kalhor Sisters



Marjan (L) and Mitra Kalhor

Members of Iranian national ski team at the World Ski Championships taking place in the French resort of Val D'Isere.

[Rasputin]

http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/vancouver/blog/fourth_place_medal/post/Skier-Marjan-Kalhor-will-be-Iran-s-first-Winter-?urn=oly,218235