Pope Benedict XVI

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  • Rasputin
    Senior Member
    • Jan 2005
    • 63906

    #136
    Mr. Benedict goes to Washington

    POPE BENEDICT XVI — aka “God’s rottweiler” — will make his first visit to the United States as pope next week.

    There will be carefully orchestrated celebrations, lots of pomp and incense and scarlet robes and adoring crowds. But in all the excitement generated by such a visit — the first papal visit to D.C. since 1979 — it’s important to remember that Pope Benedict is an ambassador of homophobia and public enemy No. 1 for gays and lesbians around the world.

    He will be met by muted protests from gay Catholics still clinging to the unrealistic hope that they will one day be welcomed by their pope. It’s a lost cause. Benedict’s record of working against the interests of gays is long and unmistakably hateful. The zeal with which he attacks gay people is most commonly seen in those living in the closet (think Roy Cohn in a flowing robe).

    He has tried to ban gays from the priesthood and lobbied against legal recognition for gay couples in Europe and elsewhere. In 1986, then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger serving under Pope John Paul II, drafted a letter describing homosexuality as “an intrinsic moral evil.” More recently, in 2003, he drafted instructions for Catholic politicians, urging them to oppose gay marriage and adoption by gay couples.

    Kara Speltz, a Catholic lesbian activist for Soulforce, put it best in a 2005 interview with the Blade. “His rhetoric is obscene,” she said. “He wants gays clearly taken care of — it’s almost like the Final Solution.”

    BENEDICT WAS JUST months into his papacy when, in November 2005, he issued the “Instruction concerning the criteria for the discernment of vocations with regard to persons with homosexual tendencies in view of their admission to the seminary and to Holy Orders.”

    In simpler words: gays need not apply for the priesthood.

    According to the instruction, “One cannot ignore the negative consequences that can stem from the ordination of people with deeply rooted homosexual tendencies.”

    It further stated that men “who practice homosexuality, present deep-seated homosexual tendencies or support the so-called ‘gay culture’ cannot be admitted to seminaries.”

    The exception to the gay ban? Those with only a “transitory problem” who had overcome it for at least three years.

    A sampling of Benedict’s own words since the mid-1980s reveals his odd and suspicious fascination with homosexuality.

    In 1986, he called homosexuality an “objective disorder.” In 2003, he wrote, “Allowing children to be adopted by persons living in such unions would actually mean doing violence to these children.” Also in 2003, came this gem: “Marriage is holy, while homosexual acts go against the natural moral law.” In 2005, “Those people find themselves, in fact, in a situation that presents a grave obstacle to a correct relationship with men and women.”

    “Those people?” Is he referring to the innumerable gay priests and deacons who preside over so many Catholic churches and fill the seminaries? The same people who inexplicably flock to Mass and fill the collection plate each Sunday? The same people who will overlook all of these grave insults and turn out to catch a glimpse of the pope and celebrate Mass with him next week?

    DESPITE A FEW nods to modernity (a concert with washed-up “American Idol” winner Kelly Clarkson and pope bobbleheads for sale), Benedict’s papacy is backward looking and appeals less and less to educated people in developed countries and more and more to uneducated followers in poor countries.

    Here in D.C., the Catholic diocese faces a $50 million deficit over the next five years, according to a report in the Washington Post, forcing the closure of at least seven parochial schools that are expected to be converted into taxpayer-funded secular schools. The Catholic Church has suffered from a severe shortage of priests for years. Mass attendance is falling with some inner city churches down to a single, sparsely attended Sunday service. Its influence is waning in developed countries; even Spain ignored the Vatican’s admonitions and re-elected its pro-gay marriage Socialist government earlier this year.

    But the church remains influential in Latin America and Africa, despite Benedict’s opposition to condoms, which are so desperately needed to combat infection on the AIDS-ravaged continent.

    I was raised Catholic and have seen the good deeds so many adherents perform. From feeding the hungry and caring for the homeless, Catholics are decent, charitable people. Last Christmas, parishioners in my mother’s church were asked to adopt soldiers in Iraq who had no family waiting for them back home. Many, including my mother, did just that, sending care packages, letters and e-mails to complete strangers fighting thousands of miles away.

    It’s unfortunate that the good work performed by so many Catholics is overshadowed by the Vatican’s venom. The dirty little secret that the pope doesn’t want to acknowledge is the large number of gays in the pews, especially in inner city churches long ago abandoned by white families escaping to the ’burbs. If only the gay and lesbian outreach that happens in local churches were matched by affirming words from Rome.

    But with Benedict in charge, that’s all wishful thinking and the Catholic Church continues on its path to increasing irrelevance in the developed world.

    iran

    Comment

    • Rasputin
      Senior Member
      • Jan 2005
      • 63906

      #137
      سفر پاپ به آمریکا آغاز شد


      جورج بوش در اقدامی غیرمعمول از پاپ در پای پلکان هواپیما استقبال کرد
      پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم، رهبر کاتولیک های جهان برای یک سفر شش روزه وارد آمریکا شده است.
      این نخستین سفر بندیکت به آمریکا از زمان برعهده گرفتن رهبری کلیسای کاتولیک است.

      جورج بوش، رئیس جمهور ایالات متحده و همسرش از پاپ هنگام ورود به آمریکا در پایگاه هوایی اندروز در نزدیکی شهر واشنگتن استقبال کردند. این نخستین استقبال یک رئیس جمهور آمریکا از یک رئیس دولت در فرودگاه است.

      پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم هنگام سفر به آمریکا، در صحبت با خبرنگاران در هواپیما گفت نخواهد گذاشت، آزاردهندگان جنسی کودکان، به کسوت کشیشی در آیند.او گفت که کلیسای کاتولیک هر آن چه را که در توان دارد، برای التیام دادن آسیبی که این کشیشان وارد کرده اند، انجام می دهد.

      طی سال های اخیر، کلیسای کاتولیک آمریکا درگیر چندین رسوایی مربوط به آزار جنسی کودکان توسط روحانیون بوده و این کلیسا برای حل این ماجراها تا کنون حدود دو میلیارد دلار غرامت پرداخت کرده است.

      پاپ قرار است در هنگام حضور در آمریکا، علاوه بر دیدار با جورج بوش در کاخ سفید، برای سخنرانی در مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد به نیویورک سفر کند. او در این شهر همچنین با حضور در محل برج های دوقلوی تجارت جهانی به قربانیان حملات یازدهم سپتامبر ادای احترام خواهد کرد.

      از دیگر رخدادهای سفر پاپ به آمریکا، جشن هشتاد و یک سالگی پاپ بندیکت در کاخ سفید در روز چهارشنبه است.

      به گفته دانا پرینو، پاپ بندیکت و جورج بوش در گفتگوهای خود درباره موضوع هایی مانند حقوق بشر، مهاجران غیر قانونی به آمریکا که به طور عمده افرادی کاتولیک مذهب از آمریکای لاتین هستند و مبازره با افراطی گرایایی دینی صحبت خواهند کرد.

      پاپ بندیکت در زمان حمله آمریکا به عراق در سال 2003، از مخالفان این جنگ بود.

      کاتولیک های آمریکا

      در روزهای گذشته، سفر پاپ به آمریکا یکی از اخبار اصلی رسانه ها در این کشور بوده است.

      نزدیک به یک چهارم مردم آمریکا پیرو کلیسای کاتولیک هستند و ایالات متحده با داشتن نزدیک به 70 میلیون کاتولیک، سومین جمعیت پیروان این مذهب را داراست.

      بر اساس یک نظرسنجی جدید، سه چهارم کاتولیک های آمریکا، عملکرد پاپ را تایید می کنند ولی موضع گیری واتیکان درباره مسائل مختلف اجتماعی را متفاوت از عقاید خود می دانند.

      در این حال فقط 40 درصد این افراد از منع زنان به دستیابی به عنوان کشیشی و منع ازدواج کشیشان به وسیله کلیسای کاتولیک حمایت می کنند.

      نظرسنجی دیگری هم که به وسیله موسسه پیو انجام شده بیانگر محبوبیت پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم نزد مردم آمریکا است ولی بر اساس این نظرسنجی محبوبیت پاپ قبلی بیشتر از او است.



      iran

      Comment

      • Rasputin
        Senior Member
        • Jan 2005
        • 63906

        #138
        پاپ: نازی ها دوره نوجوانی من را تباه کردند


        پاپ گفت دوره نوجوانی اش، توسط یک رژیم سفاک تباه شد
        رهبر کاتولیک های جهان، یک روز پیش از پایان سفرش به آمریکا، از سختی های زندگی اش در دوره نازی ها در آلمان سخن گفت.
        پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم که در گردهمایی جوانان رومن کاتولیک آمریکایی در نیویورک سخن می گفت، نازی ها را به اهریمن تشبیه کرد.

        این نخستین اظهار نظر پاپ در مورد نازی ها، از زمان انتخابش به این مقام در سه سال پیش است.

        پاپ يوزف راتسينگر (بندیکت شانزدهم) در سال 1927 در استان باواريای آلمان متولد شد و طول جنگ جهانی دوم به عنوان خدمه يک واحد ضدهوايی در مونيخ به خدمت گرفته شد و مجبور شد تحصيلات مذهبی خود را، برای مدتی نيمه کاره رها کند.

        حاميان وی می گويند که تجارب او در دوران رژيم نازی او را قانع کرد که کليسا بايد به دفاع از حقيقت و آزادی برخيزد.

        'اهریمن'

        رهبر کاتولیک های جهان که در دوران نازی ها، یک نوجوان بوده، خطاب به جوانان پیرو خود در نیویورک گفت نازی های اهریمن هایی بودند که خداوند را فراموش کردند و مانع تمام خوبی ها شدند.

        او با وصف تجربیات خود از دوره آلمان نازی، گفت دوران نوجوانی اش، "توسط یک رژیم سفاک تباه شد".


        لذت آزادی

        بیایید شکرگزار خداوند باشیم که اکنون بسیاری از مردم در سن و سال شما (جوانان) می توانند از آزادی ئی که برخواسته از گسترش دموکراسی و احترام به حقوق بشر است، لذت ببرند


        رهبر کاتولیک های جهان
        پاپ بندیک شانزدهم در این سخنرانی گفت: "بیایید شکرگزار خداوند باشیم که اکنون بسیاری از مردم در سن و سال شما (جوانان) می توانند از آزادی ئی که برخواسته از گسترش دموکراسی و احترام به حقوق بشر است، لذت ببرند".

        او پیشتر در جمع روحانیون مسیحی در آمریکا، از لزوم تطهیر اعضای کلیسای رومن کاتولیک آن کشور از رسوایی جنسی سخن گفت.

        پاپ روز پنج شنبه و در مراسم عشاء ربانی که در استادیوم ملی واشنگتن برگزار شد، درباره آزار جنسی کودکان به دست کشیش های کلیسای کاتولیک سخن گفت و بعد از مراسم هم با تعدادی از قربانیان این آزارها، دیداری خصوصی داشت.

        پاپ در مراسم عشاء ربانی عمومی گفت: "هیچ کلامی نمی تواند درد و آسیبی را که این آزارهای جنسی به بار آورده اند، توصیف کند."

        نزدیک به یک چهارم مردم آمریکا پیرو کلیسای کاتولیک هستند و ایالات متحده با داشتن نزدیک به 70 میلیون کاتولیک، سومین جمعیت پیروان این مذهب را داراست.

        بر اساس یک نظرسنجی جدید، سه چهارم کاتولیک های آمریکا، عملکرد پاپ را تایید می کنند ولی موضع گیری واتیکان درباره مسائل مختلف اجتماعی را متفاوت از عقاید خود می دانند.

        رهبر کاتولیک های جهان، سفر شش روزه خود به آمریکا را، سه شنبه گذشته آغاز کرد. این نخستین سفر پاپ پندیکت شانزدهم به آمریکا، از زمان انتخاب به این مقام است.



        iran

        Comment

        • Rasputin
          Senior Member
          • Jan 2005
          • 63906

          #139
          در پی سخنان جنجال آفرین یک سال و نیم پیش پاپ درباره اسلام و حمله آیت الله خامنه ای به رهبر واتیکان، هیاتی مذهبی از ایران با پاپ دیدار کرده است.
          واتیکان اعلام کرد پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم روز چهارشنبه با هیاتی ایرانی از علمای اسلامی که در سمیناری درباره "ایمان و منطق" در مسیحیت و اسلام شرکت کرده بودند دیدار کرده است.

          این هیات تحت هدایت مهدی مصطفوی، رئیس سازمان فرهنگ و ارتباطات اسلامی ایران، به واتیکان سفر کرده بود.

          این سمینار با سرپرستی مشترک آقای مصطفوی و کاردینال ژان لوئیس توران، رئیس شورای پاپی دیالوگ میان مذاهب، برگزار شد.

          شرکت کنندگان پس از برگزاری آن با صدور بیانیه ای گفتند که "ایمان و منطق هر دو عطیه پروردگار به بشریت است" و هر دو "به طور ذاتی غیرخشن هستند."

          آنها افزودند: "نه منطق و نه ایمان را نباید برای خشونت به کار گرفت؛ متاسفانه هر دو آنها گاه برای ارتکاب خشونت مورد سوءاستفاده قرار گرفته اند."

          نمایندگان مسلمان و مسیحی در این سمینار همچنین خواستار آن شدند که در بحث درباره ادیان مختلف جهان از "صدور احکام کلی" درباره دیگران که کاری آسان است پرهیز شود.

          آنها نوشتند: "از مسیحیان و مسلمانان خواسته می شود برای یکدیگر احترام قائل شوند و تحقیر عقاید مذهبی را محکوم کنند". در ادامه بیانیه آمده است: "سنن مذهبی را نمی توان با تکیه بر تنها یک آیه یا فراز ذکر شده در کتاب های مقدس مورد داوری قرار داد."

          سخنرانی پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم در سپتامبر 2006 که از سوی مسلمانان تلاشی برای خشن جلوه دادن اسلام تعبیر شد به بحرانی در روابط کلیسای کاتولیک و جهان اسلام دامن زد.

          آن زمان آیت الله خامنه ای رهبر جمهوری اسلامی به شدت به پاپ حمله کرد و سخنان وی را "آخرین حلقه" از آنچه توطئه راه اندازی جنگ صلیبی خواند معرفی کرد.

          پاپ در سخنانی به نقل از يک امپراتور قرن چهاردهم، گفته بود پيامبر اسلام به جز خشونت، چيزی برای جهان به ارمغان نياورده است.

          پاپ در آن سخنرانی تفاوت های تاريخی و فلسفی ميان اسلام و مسيحيت و رابطه ميان ايمان و خشونت را تشريح می کرد.

          وی تاکيد کرد که اينها سخنان او نيست و تنها سخنان امپراتور مانوئل دوم پلالوگوس از امپراتوری مسيحی بيزانس که پايتخت آن در استانبول امروزی بود را نقل می کند.

          پس از واکنش خشم آلود رهبران جهان اسلام پاپ بار دیگر از اینکه باعث ناراحتی مسلمانان شده ابراز تاسف کرد.

          iran

          Comment

          • Rasputin
            Senior Member
            • Jan 2005
            • 63906

            #140
            سال قبل كاتوليك*هاي آمريكايي براي انتخاب پاپي دعا مي*كردند كه مدرن ستيز نباشد و به نص و روح اصول مصوبه در شوراي دوم واتيكان (سال 1965) وفادار باشد. مثلي است كه مي*گويند خداوند همه دعا*ها را مي*شنود ولي بعضي اوقات جواب حضرت باري <نه> است. مسلمانان در آن روزها دستي به دعا نداشتند، ولي شايد بهتر بود آنها هم دعا مي*كردند.به*محض اينكه كاردينال راتزينگر سابق <تيارا>ي رهبري كاتوليك*هاي جهان را بر سر گذاشت، اسقف مايكل فيتز جرالد كه از سوي پاپ جان پل دوم مسوول گفتمان با مسلمانان بود با تقليل منصب به*كار ديگري گمارده شد و راهبان فرانسيسكن از مذاكراتشان با مسلمانان منع شدند.

            پنج ماه بعد در دانشگاه ريگنزبرگ پاپ بنديكت شانزدهم اسلا*م را مستقيما مورد حمله قرار داد. البته مسلمانان از تكرار اين اتهام واهي قرون وسطايي كه اسلا*م با شمشير پيش رفته است و تنها ره آوردش به بشريت اهريمني و انسان*ستيزي بوده است يكه خوردند. اما اشكال سخنان پاپ تنها در اين نبود. پيام پاپ در رينگنزبرگ بر دو ادعاي عجيب اسكولا*ستيكي (مدرسه*اي) استوار بود. نخست اينكه اديان عقلي كمتر از ادياني كه عقل*مدار نيستند به خشونت متمايل*اند. تاريخ درست عكس اين را اثبات مي*كند: انتساب مفروضات منطقي <لوگوسنتريك( >كلام*محور) به خدا احتمال جنگ مذهبي را بيشتر مي*كند. كجاي تاريخ صوفيان، عرفا و جبريون از تئوكرات*هايي كه فكر خدا را با عقل خود سنگ مي*زنند و معقولا*ت خود را به خدا حمل مي*كنند جنگجوتر بوده*اند؟ ادعاي ديگر پاپ در ريگنزبرگ اين بود كه اسلا*م كمتر از مسيحيت عقلا*ني است و اين هم به هيچ وجه قابل دفاع نيست.

            اگر پاپ به استناد كلمه لوگوس در ابتداي انجيل يوحنا خداي مسيحيت را عقلا*ني قلمداد مي*كند. عقل*انگاران مسلمان صد*ها دليل قرآني بر عقلا*ني*بودن اسلا*م از آياتي كه كلمه <عقل> در آنها آمده دارند. اما بحث بر اين نيست كه كدام يك از اين دو دين عقلي*ترند. واقعيت اين است كه اسلا*م و مسيحيت هر دو سنت*هاي قرائت عقل*گرايانه و عقل*ستيزانه داشته*اند. پاپ در ديد انتخابي خود از يك فيلسوف عقلستيز اندلسي به*نام ابن حزم نقل قول مي*كند اما از ابن رشد فيلسوف بسيار مهمتر عقلگراي همان ديار نامي نمي*برد. اين ابن رشد بود كه قديس توماس آكوئيناس را به آشتي عقل و وحي در سوما تئولوجيكاي خود راهبري كرد و اين عقلگرايي آكوئيناسي است كه مبناي موضع عقلگرايانه پاپ است. به*عبارت ديگر عقلگرايي مسيحي پاپ ميراث*خوار و مديون تمدن اسلا*مي است كه در سخنان او محكوم به عقل*ستيزي شده است. *

            مسلمانان آمريكايي البته علا*قه*مند به گفتمان با پاپ هستند ولي نه بر اساس مباحثات قرون وسطايي از نوع آنچه از تريبون ريگنزبرگ انعكاس يافت. برخي صدا*ها در واتيكان و در ميان كاتوليك*هاي دست راستي آمريكا (از جمله جرج ويگال دوست قديمي و زندگينامهنگار پاپ) اصرار به دفاع از سخنراني ريگنزبرگ دارند و مي*خواهند آن را مبناي گفتمان با مسلمانان قرار دهند. عجب حرفي است! اگر ما فرض عقل*ستيزي و رابطه آن را با خشونت*ستايي بپذيريم و اسلا*م را مصداق اين پيوند بدانيم ديگر چه محلي براي گفتمان باقي خواهد ماند؟

            با همه اين حرف*ها ما در برابر خود راهي جز گفتمان پلوراليستي و جدي ميان مذاهب نمي*بينيم و ديدار پاپ از آمريكا هم بهانه خوبي براي آغاز دوباره اين گفت*وگو است. شكي نيست كه قسمت اعظم نگراني*هاي اروپاييان در مورد اسلا*م ريشه در مسائل مربوط به فقر، مهاجرت و فواصل اقتصادي دارد. پاپ هم متاثر از همين دغدغه*هاست. اين مسائل در آمريكا مطرح نيستند. مسلمانان سياهپوست جزو لا*يتجزاي جامعه آمريكا تلقي مي*شوند و مسلمانان مهاجر نيز در جامعه پذيرفته*شده و از نظر اقتصادي و اجتماعي و فرهنگي دست كمي از همسايگان خود ندارند. عصبيت ضدمهاجر رايج در اروپا تاثيري در اسلا*م*هراسي آمريكايي ندارد. *

            مولد فضاي ضد اسلا*مي در آمريكا وقايع يازدهم سپتامبر بود و علت تداوم اسلا*م*ستيزي فعاليت گروه*هاي فعال مذهبي و برخي لا*بي*هاي خاص سياسي است. از اهم اينها جريان تاريخي عصبيت يا <نيتويسم> پروتستان است. پاپ قاعدتاَ بايد بداند كه آيين كاتوليك تنها در نيم قرن اخير از ابرهاي غليظ اتهام در آمريكا بيرون آمده است. هر تهمتي كه قبل از نيمه قرن بيستم به كاتوليك*هاي آمريكايي توسط افراطيون پروتستان زده مي*شد امروز نثار مسلمانان مي*شود. به اين معني مي*توانيم بگوييم كه مسلمانان امروز كاتوليك*هاي ديروزند. آن روز واعظان متعصب پروتستان، كاتوليك*ها را پيروان دجال (يعني پاپ) مي*خواندند و به آنها اتهام وفاداري به نيروهاي خارجي (واتيكان) و ضديت با مدرنيته و تمايلا*ت ضدعقلا*ني و ذات تئوكراتيك مي*زدند. امروز هم تبشيران پروتستان از كانال*هاي تلويزيوني خود و صهيونيست*هاي مسيحي از ابركليساهايشان مسلمانان را با همان اتهامات هدف مي*گيرند. *

            اگر قرار است مسلمانان به اصلا*ح مذهبي (به اصطلا*ح واتيكان <اجيرنمنتو)> خود دست يابند آنها نيازمند دست دوستي و حمايت معنوي و نقد عقلا*ني همسخنان كاتوليك خود خواهند بود نه جدل*ها و جدال*هاي بي*حاصل و رديه*نويسي*هاي قرون وسطايي. همه مذاهب در اين برهه خطرناك تاريخي نيازمند گفتمان تكثرپذيرانه هستند. اي كاش رهبران مذهبي نيز به*جاي ورود در گود دعواهاي قديمي و تلا*ش براي لنگ*كردن اسكولا*ستيكي يكديگر دست هم را مي*گرفتند و در عين گفتمان عقلي و نقد منطقي به تنش*زدايي مي*پرداختند تا بتوانند در برابر مشكلا*ت واقعي جهان، منجمله جنگ*هايي كه به*نام اساطير مذهبي افروخته مي*شوند، بايستند.


            iran

            Comment

            • Rasputin
              Senior Member
              • Jan 2005
              • 63906

              #141
              Interfaith dialogue has become the flavour of the year. Two weeks ago the former prime minister of Britain, Tony Blair, launched a Faith Foundation aimed at increasing dialogue between the major religions. Then last week, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia hosted a conference in Mecca and won the approval of 500 Islamic clerics and scholars to engage in dialogue with “People of the Book” – Jews, Christians and Muslims.

              Many interfaith initiatives are already active, but this new wave of religious discussion gained momentum with a letter entitled “A Common Word”, sent in October by 138 Islamic scholars to Christian leaders. Pope Benedict XVI responded positively by calling a delegation of the letter writers to Rome to discuss plans for an historic Catholic-Muslim forum; other Christian leaders have been considering how best to reply.

              The “Common Word” approach aims at a dialogue of two partners; the King Abdullah initiative will invite representatives from a trio of religions; and Mr Blair’s model seeks to bring together six faiths (Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Sikhism). The challenge in this interfaith frenzy will be to avoid confusion, to co-ordinate conversations, to limit offence when some parties are excluded and to safeguard against dialogue fatigue.

              To write off the interfaith fervour as a fad is to underestimate the enormous hurdles that exist in getting people to the discussion tables. The much publicised baptism by Pope Benedict of a former Muslim, Magdi Allam, was seen as an inflammatory act that outraged many Muslims and had the potential to derail the dialogue process. Many ordinary devotees of their faith do not rate interfaith dialogue as a high priority and are anxious that discussion will lead to a blurring and a boiling down of their beliefs in the effort to achieve religious unity. Some at last week’s Mecca conference questioned whether discussions between the different branches of Islam should take precedence over dialogue with members of other faiths.

              The motivation for these endeavours is serious and far-reaching. In an interview with Time magazine last month, Mr Blair said he wanted to devote the rest of his life to promoting understanding between the world’s religions. Muslim leaders in their “Common Word” said that, as Muslims and Christians make up well over half the world’s population, the future of peace depends on them. King Abdullah expressed the hope that his talks will end inter-religious tension and “safeguard humanity from folly”.

              A statement from the Mecca gathering last week proposed the holding of “conferences, forums and discussion groups” but few details have emerged from any of the interfaith initiatives as to how conversation will take place. There are, however, some key principles that can make or break a dialogue.

              Dialogue is firstly about bringing people together. Plotting a long but leisurely process is more likely to grow friendships and trust than a short, concentrated summit. When people come together, face to face, it involves the meeting of people who share a common humanity and a common yearning to encounter the divine. The monarch of the Saudi kingdom stressed the importance of a personal meeting in making a visit to the Pope last year.

              The letter from Muslim leaders makes reference to the common scriptures and personalities such as Abraham and Sarah, who are heroes of the faith to believers of Judaism, Islam and Christianity. To begin dialogue by surveying the common ground and discovering shared convictions and commitments makes sense.

              Rather than focusing on issues of doctrine, the invitation to people to tell their story of faith and how they experience their everyday religion will be to discover what is real and valuable for them. Significant religious dialogue must move from the personal to the public level during which people will talk about how their faith informs and connects with the burning issues of society – the environment, the economy, health and the conflicts between people.

              Mr Blair’s initiative importantly aims to go beyond talk fests to getting people working on projects that tackle poverty and disease. He said: “If you [have] got churches and mosques and those of the Jewish faith working together to provide bed nets that are necessary to eliminate malaria, what a fantastic thing that would be.”

              iran

              Comment

              • Rasputin
                Senior Member
                • Jan 2005
                • 63906

                #142
                Pope Benedict starts Australia visit

                Pope Benedict XVI arrived in Sydney on Sunday for one of the largest Christian gatherings on Earth, starting a visit set to be marked by his apology for sexual abuse by priests in Australia.

                The spiritual leader of the world's 1.1 billion Catholics was met by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Sydney Archbishop George Pell as he began his nine-day trip, his first here since becoming pontiff in 2005.

                The pope is in Australia for World Youth Day, a celebration of the Catholic faith aimed at young people that is expected to draw more than 100,000 foreign pilgrims to the city and attract crowds of 500,000 to events.

                But his visit comes as the issue of sexual abuse by the clergy has again hit headlines in Australia, where a case which has recently come to light has reignited concerns about the church's ability to deal with the problem.

                Benedict, who apologised for abuse and took the unexpected step of meeting with victims of predator priests during his April trip to the United States, has said he will address the issue in Australia.

                Speaking to journalists during his 20-hour flight here, the 81-year-old pontiff said he would examine how the Catholic Church can "prevent, heal and reconcile" the past crimes of the clergy.

                "This is the essential content of what we will say as we apologise," he said.

                The Pope will spend the his first three days in Sydney in private at a Catholic retreat centre before being officially welcomed on Thursday, when he arrives in Sydney Harbour by boat.

                Tens of thousands of pilgrims from Australia and around the world have begun to stream into Sydney for the events, which culminate in an open-air mass at Randwick Racecourse in July 20.

                Speaking ahead of his landing in Sydney, the pontiff said the main messages of his visit will include an emphasis on environmental concerns and "our responsibility towards creation."

                "We must awaken consciences," he told reporters.

                "We have to face up to this great challenge and find the ethical capacity to change the situation of the environment for the good."

                Asked whether he was concerned about holding a major religious event in a mostly secular country, the pope said Australia was a part of the western world and, as such, shared its successes and problems.

                He said there was a crisis of religion in Europe, where the position sometimes was that: "We do not need God to be happy, we do not need God to create a better world. God is not necessary."

                He said this was not so much the case in the United States and Australia.

                "On the other hand, God is in the hearts of human beings and can never disappear," he said.

                "There is always a presence of faith. Now that (at) this historical moment we begin to see some belief again in this sense I am fairly optimistic."

                Gay rights activists and others are set to protest against the pope's stance on homosexuality and contraception during his visit, while police powers to arrest people for annoying the pilgrims have angered civil libertarians.

                About 150 protesters from secular groups marked the pope's arrival in Melbourne with a rally against World Youth Day.

                "We've got people here who are frustrated. It's called World Youth Day but it's not all-inclusive, it doesn't include all youth. It's organised by the Catholic church and is promoting Catholicism," organiser Jason Ball said.

                Pope Benedict expressed "great joy" about the visit, saying World Youth Day events had the ability to open frontiers between nations and bring cultures together.

                In an official statement to the "great southern land of the Holy Spirit" he wrote that all Australians were in his thoughts.

                "Although I will be able to spend only a few days in your country, and I will not be able to travel outside Sydney, my heart reaches out to all of you, including those who are sick or in difficulties of any kind."

                iran

                Comment

                • Rasputin
                  Senior Member
                  • Jan 2005
                  • 63906

                  #143
                  Pope urges all faiths to unite against 'indiscriminate violence'

                  SYDNEY, Australia (AP) — Pope Benedict XVI on Friday urged religious leaders of all kinds to unite against those who use faith to divide communities — an apparent reference to terrorism in the name of religion.
                  "In a world threatened by sinister and indiscriminate forms of violence, the unified voice of religious people urges nations and communities to resolve conflicts through peaceful means and with full regard for human dignity," Benedict told a gathering of clerics from different faiths in Sydney.

                  He met with representatives of Muslim, Jewish, Hindu and Buddhist faiths during the Roman Catholic Church's youth festival, which has drawn hundreds of thousands of pilgrims to Sydney.

                  Without mentioning terrorism directly, the pontiff said creating harmony between religion and public life is "all the more important at a time when some people have come to consider religion as a cause of division rather than a force for unity."

                  The remarks come as the Vatican tries to repair ties with the Islamic world that were strained when he gave a speech in 2006 that appeared to associate Islam with violence, outraging many Muslims.

                  Signs of lingering prickliness were evident Friday in the words of Sheikh Mohamadu Saleem of the National Imam's Council of Australia, who said at the meeting that Muslims should be more understanding of other religions.

                  "At the same time, a significant amount of the Christian groups and other religions must overcome their prejudice to Muslims and Islam," he added.

                  The pope met separately with leaders of different Christian denominations, and said they, too, must work more closely together to make sure their beliefs stay a core part of society. On his way to Australia, the pope described the church in the West as in "crisis" because people feel they have no need for God.

                  "I think you would agree that the ecumenical movement has reached a critical juncture," the pope said. "We must guard against any temptation to view doctrine as divisive and hence an impediment to the seemingly more pressing and immediate task of improving the world in which we live."

                  In a park across the street from St. Mary's Cathedral, where the pontiff is staying and where he held his Friday meetings, a handful of protesters against the church's handling of the clergy sexual abuse scandal waved placards that read "Hands off our kids" and "Clergy sexual abuse turns Christianity upside down."

                  In his remarks to the interfaith group, Benedict stressed that religion was a "fundamental right" of all people that could not be contained by geography — an apparent reference to efforts by countries such as China to control some forms of religion. The pope did not directly mention China.

                  The Vatican is trying to re-engage with China, whose Communist leaders cut ties with the church in 1951. Beijing objects to the Vatican's tradition of having the pope name his own bishops, calling it interference in China's affairs.

                  China appoints bishops for the state-sanctioned Catholic church, but many of the country's estimated 12 million Catholics worship in congregations outside the state-approved church. Benedict is eager for the Holy See to re-establish diplomatic ties with China to better protect his flock there.

                  The 81-year-old pontiff had only a slightly less hectic schedule Friday than the previous day. He met with Australian officials and had lunch with a group of young pilgrims, then watched a live recreation of The Last Supper, Christ's crucifixion and other events in the last days of Jesus known as the stations of the cross.

                  The recreation, including bloody scenes of an actor playing Christ being dangled upside down by Roman soldiers and dragging a huge cross, was played out over three hours across sites in the city including the Sydney Opera House and a barge on the harbor. Pilgrims at the crucifixion scene wept openly, as did the actor playing Jesus.

                  On Thursday, the pontiff gave his first major speech before an estimated crowd of 200,000 people gathered for World Youth Day. Tens of thousands more lined Sydney harbor's foreshore as he toured the city, first by boat and then in the popemobile.

                  In his address, Benedict warned that mankind's "insatiable consumption" has scarred the Earth and squandered its resources, telling followers that taking care of the planet is vital to humanity — striking a theme that has earned him a reputation as the "green pope."

                  iran

                  Comment

                  • Rasputin
                    Senior Member
                    • Jan 2005
                    • 63906

                    #144
                    Victims defend Pope's 'stage-managed' meeting

                    TWO victims of church sexual abuse who met the Pope in a secret Mass just hours before his departure yesterday morning have said they spoke to the Pontiff on behalf of all victims.

                    The two, believed to be siblings, also pleaded with other victims to respect their need for anonymity.

                    In a statement released via the Sydney Archdiocese, the victims said they had provided the Pope with written accounts of "the abuse to which we were subjected and its effect on our lives" prior to the Mass held at 7am in a private chapel at Sydney's St Mary's Cathedral.

                    The siblings, who spoke further with the Pope of their experiences, were two of four victims at the Mass which was attended by about 10 people including Sydney Archbishop Cardinal George Pell.

                    The siblings said the Pope had also directed comments to the clergy who were present, saying abuse must be eradicated at the seminary training stage.

                    "We were moved by the Pope's compassionate response to us and his comment that he would continue to pray for all victims of sexual abuse," they said.

                    But several other abuse victims slammed the church over the secret meeting with handpicked survivors.

                    The four victims at the Mass had gone through the church's much-criticised internal program for sex abuse survivors.

                    The man who chose them has admitted he had looked for people who would be "comfortable in attending the Mass".

                    Michael Salmon — the head of the church's office for dealing with abuse victims — also confirmed none of those he invited to Mass had pursued a civil claim against the church. But one had pursued criminal charges against their abuser, he said.

                    Anthony Foster — who cut short a European holiday in the hope of meeting the Pope to talk about the rape of his two daughters by Melbourne priest Kevin O'Donnell — said he was "devastated" he had not been told of the Mass.

                    Mr Foster, whose daughter Emma took her own life earlier this year, said "the Pope has snubbed us and shown a lack of care and compassion to us".
                    Anthony Jones — whose case the church reopened after Lateline revealed his alleged abuser had admitted to the attack — said he was "happy for the four people who were apologised to … but there are a lot of other people out there, including myself, who are hurting".

                    Mr Jones said he suspected the church had chosen people who were happy with its internal processes and who it "knew would graciously accept the apology and not question the Pope".

                    But Cardinal Pell defended the secrecy around the Mass, saying it had been necessary to protect the privacy of victims and saying others could share in the healing because they were told what the service had entailed.

                    Mr Salmon rejected criticism that the church had excluded critics of its systems for dealing with abuse. While the victims at the Mass had "attained a certain level of peace … they were forthright in presenting themselves as people that had suffered … (so) the idea that they're tame people in this context, well that's not the case".

                    Yesterday's private Mass came after the Pope gave a public apology to victims in which he said he was "deeply sorry for the pain and suffering the victims have endured".

                    iran

                    Comment

                    • Rasputin
                      Senior Member
                      • Jan 2005
                      • 63906

                      #145
                      Accept death &quot;at the hour chosen by God'

                      People must accept death at "the hour chosen by God," Pope Benedict XVI told ailing pilgrims Monday in an anti-euthanasia message at Lourdes, the shrine that draws the desperate, sick and dying.

                      At the chilly open-air service outside the sanctuary reputed for its curative spring water, some faithful lay on gurneys, tucked into quilts and comforters. A few breathed with oxygen tanks. The 81-year-old pontiff administered the sacrament of the sick to 10 people, most in wheelchairs, gently anointing their foreheads and palms with oil.

                      While several European countries permit euthanasia, the Vatican vehemently maintains that life must continue to its natural end. The pope said in his homily that the ill should pray to find "the grace to accept, without fear or bitterness, to leave this world at the hour chosen by God."

                      The Mass closed the pope's four-day trip to France, his first to the country since becoming pontiff in 2005. Benedict used the trip to lay out the church's opposition to rampant materialism in modern life and recognition of divorced Catholics' new marriages.

                      The pontiff also urged more room for religion in society, a topic that renewed long-simmering debate in France about its historic separation of church and state — so staunch that schoolchildren cannot wear Muslim head scarves or large crosses around their necks in public schools.

                      In a traditionally Roman Catholic country with a dwindling churchgoing population and a growing Muslim community, conservative President Nicolas Sarkozy has argued that dialogue with religious groups should play a greater role in national decisions and debate — a subject on which he and Benedict found common ground.

                      Julien Dray, the spokesman of the opposition Socialists, complained that the stances that Benedict repeated in Lourdes were "fundamentalist" and "closed to the evolutions taking place in the church." During the visit, he said, Sarkozy "did not put enough distance between religious practice and the public sphere."

                      Francois Bayrou, a centrist politician, has said he had reservations about Sarkozy inviting the pope to the presidential Elysee Palace because it is a symbol of the French Republic. Bayrou is a Catholic who showed up for Sunday Mass at Lourdes.

                      Despite the political debate that erupted during the trip, the main purpose of Benedict's visit was to mark the 150th anniversary of visions of the Virgin Mary to a Lourdes peasant girl, 14-year-old Bernadette Soubirous, who was later named a saint.

                      The shrine in the foothills of the French Pyrenees draws 6 million pilgrims a year, many of whom believe that Lourdes' spring water has the power to heal and even work miracles.

                      Maryse Bargain, a 48-year-old woman from the Brittany region of northwest France, was among those praying for healing. She expressed hope that the pope, "someone else or the Virgin" might help cure the blindness she has suffered from since birth.

                      At Mass for the sick outside the gold mosaic facade of Lourdes' Basilica of the Rosary, the pope urged the ailing to remember that "dignity never abandons the sick person."

                      "Unfortunately we know only too well: the endurance of suffering can upset life's most stable equilibrium, it can shake the firmest foundations of confidence, and sometimes even leads people to despair of the meaning and value of life," the pope said.

                      "There are struggles that we cannot sustain alone, without the help of divine grace," he said.

                      "For each person, suffering is always something alien," he said. "It can never be tamed."

                      The pope's anti-euthanasia message followed up renewed debate on the subject this year in France following the death of a woman whose tumor burrowed through her head, leaving her disfigured and in constant pain. While Belgium and the Netherlands have legalized euthanasia, France permits patients to refuse treatment that can keep them alive but stops short of allowing euthanasia.

                      iran

                      Comment

                      • Rasputin
                        Senior Member
                        • Jan 2005
                        • 63906

                        #146
                        اسرائیل دعوت خود از پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم، رهبر کاتولیک های جهان برای بازدید از این کشور را تجدید کرده اما او تا کنون این دعوت را رد کرده است.
                        تجدید دعوت از پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم علی رغم تنش های دیپلماتیک میان طرفین صورت گرفته است.

                        موتی لوی، سفیر اسرائیل در واتیکان گفته است که اختلافات کنونی میان اسرائیل و واتیکان قابل حل است.

                        علت خودداری پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم از سفر به اسرائیل، اتهام این کشور به پاپ پیوس دوازدهم، رهبر کاتولیک های جهان در زمان جنگ جهانی دوم است.

                        موزه هولوکاست بیت المقدس در شرح عکس پاپ پیوس دوازدهم، او را متهم به سکوت در برابر جنایات نازی ها علیه یهودیان می کند. اسرائیل علی رغم درخواست واتیکان، این اشاره به پاپ پیوس دوازدهم را حذف نمی کند.

                        هفته گذشته پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم در مراسم پنجاهمین سالگرد درگذشت پاپ پیوس دوازدهم گفت که او از تصمیم مقامات کلیسا برای تبدیل این پاپ فقید به یک قدیس استقبال می کند.

                        سال گذشته ۱۵ کاردینال و ۱۵ اسقف اعظم واتیکان با اکثریت آرا رای به آمرزش پاپ پیوس دوازدهم دادند. این اقدام در کلیسای کاتولیک جزء آخرین قدم ها برای اعلام فردی به عنوان قدیس است.

                        پیوس دوازدهم در سال ۱۹۳۹ به مقام پاپی انتخاب شد و تا سال ۱۹۵۸ در این سمت باقی ماند. وی در بین سال های ۱۹۱۷ تا ۱۹۲۹ به عنوان کاردینال پاچلی، سفیر واتیکان در آلمان بود. وی طی سال های ۱۹۳۰ تا ۱۹۳۹ به عنوان وزیر امور خارجه واتیکان فعالیت کرد.

                        پیوس دوازدهم در اقدامی که بعدها یهودیان از آن انتقاد کردند، از امضاء بیانیه نیروهای متفقین در نکوهش براندازی و نابودی یهودیان از سوی آلمان نازی خودداری کرد.

                        واتیکان می گوید که دیپلماسی در خفای پاپ پیوس دوازدهم در دوران آلمان نازی منجر به نجات جان هزاران یهودی شد.

                        گروه های یهودی طی سال های گذشته از واتیکان خواسته اند تا روند قدیس کردن پیوس دوازدهم را به حالت تعلیق در آورد. برخی گروه های یهودی هشدار می دهند که قدیس اعلام کردن پیوس دوازدهم از سوی واتیکان می تواند اثری بسیار منفی بر روابط میان یهودیان و مسیحیان بگذارد.

                        برای قدیس اعلام کردن در کلیسای کاتولیک، باید دو معجزه به فرد مورد نظر نسبت داده شود. پاپ بندیکت شانزدهم، رهبر کاتولیک های جهان حرف نهایی را در مورد قدیس اعلام کردن پاپ پیوس دوازدهم خواهد زد.

                        iran

                        Comment

                        • Rasputin
                          Senior Member
                          • Jan 2005
                          • 63906

                          #147
                          تلفن همراه به زندگی معنوی انسان لطمه می*زند
                          سخنگوی واتیکان هشدار داد که زندگی مدرن زمانی برای مردم باقی نمی*گذارد تا به تعمق درباره ابعاد معنوی خود بپردازند، واتیکان همچنین هشدار داده تلفنهای همراه و اینترنت برای روح انسان مضر هستند.
                          به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر به نقل از سلولار نیوز، فدریکو لامباردی گفت: انسان بدون زندگی معنوی روح خود را از دست می دهد.

                          لومباردی که مدیر دفتر مطبوعاتی واتیکان است افزود: امروز مسئله از دست رفتن زندگی معنوی تهدید بزرگی برای انسان بوده و جبران ناپذیرترین بدشانسی انسان است.

                          وی افزود: زندگی دارای بعد معنوی و باطنی است و باید از آن محافظت و آن را تقویت کرد. در عصر تلفن همراه و اینترنت دشوار تر از گذشته است که انسان از سکوت حمایت کرده و بعد درونی و معنوی زندگی را تقویت کند. این امر دشوار، اما ضروری است.

                          رئیس دفتر مطبوعاتی واتیکان استفاده از تلفن همراه و اینترنت را تهدیدی بسیار بزرگ دانست و آنها را نقصان غیرقابل جبران توصیف کرد.



                          iran

                          Comment

                          • Rasputin
                            Senior Member
                            • Jan 2005
                            • 63906

                            #148
                            پاپ: به خشونت در خاورميانه پايان دهيد


                            پاپ در سال 2009 از اردن، اسرائيل و مناطق فلسطيني ديدار خواهد كرد


                            پاپ بنديكت شانزدهم، رهبر كاتوليك هاي جهان، در مراسم سنتي ويژه ميلاد مسيح خواستار تلاش هايي تازه براي پايان دادن به نفرت و خشونت در خاورميانه شد.

                            پاپ كه در مراسم دعاي نيمه شب ميلاد مسيح خطاب به هزاران زائر در ميدان سنت پيتر واتيكان سخن مي گفت خواستار ايجاد دركي جديد ميان اسرائيلي ها و فلسطينيان شد.

                            او گفت مردم بايد دعا كنند تا براي باز شدن مرزها، دل ها باز شوند.

                            پاپ قصد دارد در سال آينده ميلادي از اردن، اسرائيل، و مناطق فلسطيني ديدار كند.

                            او همچنين در طي روز پنجشنبه 25 دسامبر پيام سنتي روز ميلاد مسيح را خطاب به شهر رم و مردم جهان بيان خواهد كرد.

                            جشن تحت تدابير امنيتي

                            زائران مسيحي در نزديكي كليساي مهد در شهر بيت اللحم گردهم آمدند

                            در همين حال در شهر بيت اللحم واقع در ساحل غربي رود اردن هزاران زائر فلسطيني تحت تدابير شديد امنيتي جشن هاي ميلاد مسيح را آغاز كرده اند.

                            بسياري از مسيحيان معتقدند كليساي مهد (Church of Nativity) در اين شهر محل تولد مسيح بوده است و در ميان حضار، حدود 200 مسيحي ساكن نوار غزه هم حضور دارند كه با اجازه ويژه اسرائيل توانستند از نوار غزه خارج شده و در اين مراسم شركت كنند.

                            انتظار مي رود چهل هزار نفر در طي هفته جاري از اين شهر ديدن كنند و از اين رو نيروهاي امنيتي كمكي فلسطيني به اين شهر اعزام شده اند.

                            اكثر 2.1 ميليارد مسيحي جهان ميلاد مسيح را در هفته جاري جشن مي گيرند.

                            ديگر مسيحيان كه از تقويم يولياني (Julian) براي تعيين روزهاي جشن خود استفاده مي كنند، روز هفتم ژانويه را بعنوان روز ميلاد مسيح جشن مي گيرند.

                            در اكثر نقاط جهان مومنان مسيحي در كليسا ها براي مراسم دعاي روز كريسمس گردهم مي آيند و در برخي كشورها هم خانواده ها سنت مراسم شام شب كريسمس را برگزار مي كنند.


                            iran

                            Comment

                            • Rasputin
                              Senior Member
                              • Jan 2005
                              • 63906

                              #149

                              iran

                              Comment

                              • Rasputin
                                Senior Member
                                • Jan 2005
                                • 63906

                                #150
                                The Pope today reignited the controversy over the Catholic church's stance on condom use as he made his first trip to Africa.

                                The pontiff said condoms were not the answer to the continent's fight against HIV and Aids and could make the problem worse.


                                Benedict XVI made his comments as he flew to Cameroon for the first leg of a six-day trip that will also see him travelling to Angola.

                                The timing of his remarks outraged health agencies trying to halt the spread of HIV and Aids in sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 22 million people are infected.

                                The Roman Catholic church encourages sexual abstinence and fidelity to prevent the disease from spreading, but it is a policy that has divided some clergy working with Aids patients.

                                The pontiff, speaking to journalists on his flight, said the condition was "a tragedy that cannot be overcome by money alone, that cannot be overcome through the distribution of condoms, which even aggravates the problems".

                                Rebecca Hodes, of the Treatment Action Campaign in South Africa, said that if the Pope was serious about preventing new HIV infections he would focus on promoting wider access to condoms and spreading information about how best to use them.

                                Hodes, the director of policy, communication and research for the campaign group, added: "Instead, his opposition to condoms conveys that religious dogma is more important to him than the lives of Africans."

                                It is not the first time the Pope has made public remarks on the HIV/Aids outbreak ravaging the continent.

                                Shortly after becoming pontiff in 2005, he told senior Catholic clergy from Africa that, while the disease was a "cruel epidemic", it could not be cured through using condoms.

                                Addressing bishops from South Africa, Botswana, Swaziland, Namibia and Lesotho who had travelled to the Vatican for papal audience, he said: "The traditional teaching of the church has proven to be the only failsafe way to prevent the spread of HIV/Aids."

                                He also warned them that African life was under threat from a number of factors, including condoms.

                                "It is of great concern that the fabric of African life, its very source of hope and stability, is threatened by divorce, abortion, prostitution, human trafficking and a contraception mentality," he added.

                                More than two-thirds – 67% – of the global total of 32.9 million people with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa.

                                Three-quarters of all Aids deaths in 2007 happened there.

                                Africa is the fastest-growing region for the Roman Catholic church, which competes with Islam and evangelical churches.

                                The Pope also said today that he intended to make an appeal for "international solidarity" for Africa in the face of the global economic downturn.

                                He said that, while the church did not propose specific economic solutions, it could give "spiritual and moral" suggestions.

                                Describing the current crisis as the consequence of "a deficit of ethics in economic structures", he added: "It is here that the church can make a contribution."

                                Benedict dismissed claims that he was facing increasing opposition and isolation within the church, particularly after an outreach to ultra-conservatives led to him lifting the excommunication of a Holocaust-denying bishop.

                                "The myth of my solitude makes me laugh," he said, adding that he could count on the network of friends and aides he saw every day.

                                In a letter to Catholic bishops, released last week, he made an unusual public acknowledgment of Vatican mistakes over the rehabilitation of Bishop Richard Williamson.

                                While acknowledging that errors had been made in handling the affair, Benedict said he was saddened that he was criticised "with open hostility" even by those who "should have known better".

                                iran

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