Holocaust

[Rasputin]

قطعنامه محکوميت منکران هولوکاست که آمريکا آماده کرده بود؛ شب گذشته در مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد به تصويب رسيد.
به گزارش روزنامه هاآرتص، قطعنامه محکوميت منکران هولوکاست شب گذشته با 103 رای موافق در مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد به تصويب رسيد.

بر اساس اين قطعنامه که به وسيله آمريکا به سازمان ملل متحد ارائه شده بود؛ تمام کشورهای جهان وظيفه دارند پس از اين افرادی را که در صدد انکار هولوکاست هستند، محکوم نمايند.

الجاندرو ولف، کفيل نماينده آمريکا در سازمان ملل متحد گفت : ايران به تنهايی در برابر قطعنامه ای که به تصويب سازمان ملل رسيده ايستاده است.

اين قطعنامه در آستانه روز جهانی يادبود قربانيان هولوکاست (27 ژانويه) به تصويب رسيد.

يادآور می شود آمريکا روز سوم بهمن، پيش نويس قطعنامه ای را برای مقابله با افرادی که درباره هولوکاست به اظهار نظر
می پردازند؛ به سازمان ملل متحد ارائه کرده بود و در همان زمان با موافقت برخی کشورها از جمله روسيه و چين روبرو شده بود

[Rasputin]

UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - The U.N. General Assembly adopted a U.S.-drafted resolution on Friday condemning denials of the Holocaust, weeks after Iran sponsored a meeting dominated by speakers questioning the Nazis' extermination of 6 million Jews in World War Two.

The resolution, co-sponsored by more than 100 countries, including all Western nations, was approved by consensus, without a vote. Iran disassociated itself from the action, calling the resolution a political exercise that Israel would exploit against Palestinians.

The resolution "condemns without any reservation any denial of the Holocaust" and "urges all member states unreservedly to reject any denial of the Holocaust as a historical event, either in full or in part, or any activities to this end."

It is a follow up to a broader November 2005 assembly measure making January 27 the International Day of Commemoration for victims of the Holocaust.

But at least 22 nations left their seats empty in the assembly hall, including Bolivia, Chile and Columbia, who had co-sponsored the resolution. Others not attending included Cambodia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan and Zimbabwe, according to U.S. officials.

Iran is not mentioned by name although the resolution is clearly aimed at a Tehran conference convened in December by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Most speakers expressed doubt about the Nazis' mass extermination of Jews.

Ahmadinejad came to power in August 2005 and caused an international outcry by terming the Holocaust a "myth" and calling Israel a "tumor" in the Middle East.

Iran's envoy Hossein Gharibi told the assembly, "In our view there is no justification for genocide of any kind, nor can there be any justification for the attempt made by some -- particularly by the Israeli regime -- to exploit the past crimes as a pretext to commit new genocide and crimes."

Responded U.S. acting ambassador, Alejandro Wolff, "Iran stands alone, in shame, isolated, against the international community."

"Conferences like those sponsored by Iran are designed solely to polarize and incite hatred. If successful they can then use that hatred as a catalyst to justify genocide," Wolff said. "To deny the event of the Holocaust is tantamount to the approval of genocide in all its forms."

Said Israel's U.N. Ambassador Dan Gillerman, "While the nations of the world gather here to affirm the historicity of the Holocaust with the intent of never again allowing genocide, a member of this assembly is acquiring the capabilities to carry out its own."

"The president of Iran is in fact saying, 'There really was no Holocaust, but just in case, we shall finish the job."'

Middle East nations were not among the co-sponsors. But Egypt's U.N. ambassador, Maged Abedelaziz, said while he agreed with the resolution the world should also speak out against the rising "Islamaphobia."

Friday's measure is timed to coincide with the January 27 commemoration, which Russia's U.N. Ambassador Vitaly Churkin emphasized was the day the Soviet Red Army liberated the large Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland.

Up to 1.5 million prisoners, most of them Jews, were killed in Auschwitz alone. A total of six million Jews and millions of others including Poles, homosexuals, Russians and Gypsies were murdered by the Nazis and their allies during the war.

Germany's U.N. Ambassador Thomas Matussek, representing the European Union, said he was aware that the "unprecedented crime of the Holocaust was committed by Germans and in the name of Germany and from that stems our special responsibility."

[mike435]

http://www.yadvashem.org/

farsi version below

http://www1.yadvashem.org/parsit_web/paras_home.html

in farsi

[donsaeid]

do they call persian paras in hebrew?

[mike435]

do they call persian paras in hebrew?

i dono ii heard fars referring to persians

[donsaeid]

ok! because in link i saw paras_home and parsit_web so i though maybe it is how they right persian in hebrew(with english letter ofcourse!)!

i did look at it! interesting to learn about this view of history too!

in this case there is unfortunetly 3 kind of history! 2 extrems and one in middle so! it is hard to gether true information about it even as it has been just 65 years!

some weeks ago i read a article about Rwanda! and how some over there have start denial of their holocust too! and that is just 12 years ago!

[mike435]

well i dont know if you can use ahmadinejads view points as a way to creat your scale becuase than his view point which is illigitmate and unfounded makes the comlication of yadvashem or other historical bodys an extreme.

what i mean is be objective but dont base one of your points of comparasans on unfounded opinions

anyways if you saw that doumantry threre is overwelming detailed records that the nazis kept raw hard evidance

i hope you can take these historical facts as facts and not just opinions

i think you said it yourself you walked thrigh the gaschambers

[Rasputin]

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/19831

And the recent UN resolution that condemns without reservation denials of the Nazi Holocaust by consensus :

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070126/wl_nm/un_holocaust_iran_dc_6

It should be noted that the Iranian signatories of the draft had the credit of doing so before the UN Resolution was even voted proving if needed of that when issues of Human Rights and dignity are concerned the Iranian Diaspora and its best representatives can unite and transcend political, religious or ideological differences in the name of universal humanistic principles.

[Rasputin]

Nobel prizewinner, author attacked at S.F. hotel

Elie Wiesel, the renowned Holocaust author and Nobel Peace Prize winner, was attacked and dragged out of a San Francisco hotel elevator last week, possibly by a Holocaust denier who claims to have stalked Wiesel for weeks, police said Friday.

Wiesel, 78, was at the Argent Hotel on Feb. 1 for an interfaith conference when he was confronted around 6:30 p.m. in an elevator by a man insisting that he wanted to interview the author, said police spokesman Sgt. Neville Gittens.

Wiesel said he would do the interview in the lobby of the Third Street hotel, but the man insisted on going to Wiesel's room. The man then stopped the elevator at the sixth floor, dragged Wiesel out and tried to force him into a room on that floor.

"That's when (Wiesel) started yelling," Gittens said. The man fled, and Wiesel went down to the lobby and called police.

Wiesel was not injured. He decided to leave the conference on "Facing Violence: Justice, Religion and Conflict Resolution," and police escorted him to the airport.

On Tuesday, a man identifying himself Eric Hunt and claiming to be the attacker posted an account of the incident on a virulently anti-Semitic and anti-Israel Web site. The account matches the description of the attack that police later released.

"After ensuring no women would be traumatized by what I had to do (I had been trailing Wiesel for weeks), I stopped the elevator at the sixth floor," Hunt wrote. "I said I wanted to interview him. He protested, grabbed at his chest as if he was having a heart attack. He then screamed HELP! HELP! at the top of his lungs.

"I told him, 'Why, you don't want people to know the truth?' " Hunt wrote. "After pulling him about fifteen feet out of the elevator ... I decided that it was time for me to go."

Gittens said that police were aware of the Web site and that they had a suspect in mind, but would not confirm that they were looking for the person who posted the account online.

"We're not commenting on statements made on the Web site," Gittens said.

The site has articles on a number of topics, some of which repeat centuries-old slurs against Jews. It is registered to Andrew Winkler of Sydney, who also writes on the site. Phone calls and an e-mail to Winkler were not returned Friday.

Wiesel did not return calls made to his offices in New York and at Boston University, where he is a professor in the religion and philosophy departments.

Wiesel, a native of Romania, was sent by the Nazis in 1944 to Auschwitz, where his mother and three sisters were killed. His father died on a forced march to Buchenwald, another concentration camp, three months before the camp was liberated in 1945.

Wiesel has written more than 40 books based on his Holocaust experiences. In 1978, President Jimmy Carter named him to lead the effort to build the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. In 1986, Wiesel won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Hunt said in his posting that he had intended to corner Wiesel and force him to admit that the Holocaust never happened.

"I had planned to bring Wiesel to my hotel room, where he would truthfully answer my questions regarding the fact that his non-fiction Holocaust memoir, 'Night,' is almost entirely fictitious," Hunt wrote on the site.

[Rasputin]

آرش آبايی، نويسنده، محقق و روزنامه نگار يهودی ساکن تهران، در مصاحبه با راديو فردا، گفت که گراميداشت قربانيان هولوکاست در ميان يهوديان ايران برگزار نمی شود و در تشريح موضوع افزود: «به دو دليل در اين روز، مراسمی برگزار نمی کنيم، نخست اينکه هولوکاست، هيچ گاه مسئله يهوديان ايران نبوده و ديگر اين که از اظهار نظر درباره آن منع شده ايم.»


آرش آبايی که خود پيش از اين سردبير نشريه بينا - نشريه ويژه يهوديان در ايران - بوده در پاسخ به اين سوال که اصولا، يهوديان ايران، تا چه اندازه به موضوع هولوکاست، حساس هستند می گويد: «اصولا موضوع هولوکاست، به ويژه پس از انقلاب در ايران مطرح نشده و مسئله يهوديان ايران نبوده است.»

[Rasputin]

Amid all the distressing news about possible extremist motives behind the arrest of 13 Jews in Iran, one wonders why some 30,000 Jews have chosen to remain in Iran despite the often hostile religious fervor of the post-revolutionary era. The fact is that prejudice and discrimination towards Jews has been relatively mild and Iranian Jews have strong nationalist feelings. The following is not an example of just one man's kindness towards Jews, but an example of the close bond between Iranians in general, even under very dangerous circumstances. Thanks to Farhad Sepahbody for forwarding this piece. Also see a report on documents that shed new light. -- Editor

In June 1940, embassies were transfered from Paris to Vichy which had become the capital of the new French Government. In each embassy residence in Paris a caretaker was left behind.

My uncle Abdol Hossein Sardari Qajar, my mother's youngest brother, pictured left, who was in charge of consular affairs remained in the former French capital, now occupied by German Nazi military forces.

At that unfortunate time many Iranian Jewish families lived in Paris. My uncle who liked to entertain, established close contacts with the German authorities and at the outset made it clear to them that Iranian jews were Iranians since the time of Cyrus the Great and therefore fell under the protection of Iranian laws like any other Iranian.

A letter was sent to my uncle by the German ambassador in Paris assuring him that no Iranian citizen would ever be harmed. As a result, the Iranian jews of Paris were not subjected to the nazi measures against the Jews.

When the round up of Jews began in 1942, and news about the "final solution" began to spread, the head of the Iranian Jewish community, contacted my uncle about his French co-religionists who were in danger of being sent to concentration camps.

My uncle had in his office a good supply of blank Persian passports. He took upon himself to also issue them to non-Iranian Jews who were facing deportation. As Allied forces invaded Iran, our ambassador in Vichy left and all communications with Tehran was cut.

Referring to the humanitarian attitude of Cyrus the Great who had freed in 500 BC the Jews held captive in Babylon, he had no doubt that the Shah and the Iranian government would confirm his decision after the war.

I was a diplomat in Paris during 1948 when the Iranian Jewish community (with its newly added "citizens') visited my uncle and offered him a silver plater signed by their leaders, as a token of their deep appreciation and gratitude.

Sardari had also saved Mr. Petrossian -- a well-known importer of caviar who had contacts with the French resistance -- from the Gestapo .

My uncle later became charge d'affaires in Brussels. ln the mid-fifties he joined the National Iranian Oil Company and passed away in London in 1981.

watch it here :
YouTube - Iranian Diplomat Saves Many jews from Holocaust

[Rasputin]

This spontaneous common initiative deserves notice all the more that it is rare to see Iranian intellectuals including political and human rights activists to find common ground and solidarity for a common cause. However the excesses of the current Islamic Regime in Iran and its leaders have shed a dark shadow of suspicion and animosity towards Iranians worldwide ever since Iran’s president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has clearly stated that he wished to see the “State of Israel Be Wiped off the Map” and has held an international conference including western revisionist historians, Ku-Klux Klan members and racist delegations to Tehran to examine the veracity of the Holocaust that cost the lives of 6 million Jews, Gypsies, mentally retarded or political outcasts from all over Europe’s Nazi occupied territories during WWII.

The Nazi crimes were clearly established after the War in Europe more than 60 years ago at the Nuremberg Trial by an international and independent court of justice. The Nuremberg trials initiated a movement for the prompt establishment of a permanent international criminal court, eventually leading over fifty years later to the adoption of the Statute of the International Criminal Court.

The Conclusions of the Nuremberg trials served to help draft:

The Genocide Convention, 1948.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.
The Convention on the Abolition of the Statute of Limitations on War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, 1968.
The Geneva Convention on the Laws and Customs of War, 1949; its supplementary protocols, 1977.
All of which were clearly recognized by World Nations including Iran and its successive governments and regimes that were to abide to these conclusions and participate along with all members of the United Nations to the global awareness of these crimes and actions that led to the advent of a Second World War.

If the Conclusions of the Nuremberg Trials and the drafts above did not put an end to military conflicts or crimes of equally horrifying nature during the 20 th century, it did nevertheless lead to a global awareness of the dangers of ideologies that promote genocide of a race or people in any form or manner. Even at the height of tensions during the Cold War, Super Powers of the time be it the United States or the Soviet Union could not simply ignore the above drafts without risking to threaten global security and stability.

In addition the term genocide and its characteristics were clearly defined so as to allow recourse to international law and justice if ever a nation or people were indeed threatened by similar crimes. Recent examples in the aftermath of the Cold War such as Rwanda or Serbia have been reminiscent of crimes of genocidal nature that continue to be subject to international investigations as has been the case for ex-Yugoslavia through the La Hague International Tribunal. Some countries such as Turkey continue to deny any responsibility in the massacre of the Armenians under the Ottoman rule which continues to plague Turkeys chances in entering the European Union as a full member and partner.

However the scale of crimes committed by Nazi Germany and the nearly scientific procedure of eliminating the Jewish population was supported by the ideology that was at the source of the Nazi Party’s creation and rise to Power in the person of Adolf Hitler and ironically through democratic elections in a country that would soon see all its politically legitimate and democratic institutions replaced by a totalitarian structure of government where all opposition was eliminated either politically or physically.

Before the Nuremberg Trials the true nature and extent of crimes committed in the Nazi Concentration Camps were not revealed in all its horrific magnitude to the World or even to the German population. From this perspective the Nazi crime record remains unique in the annals of history even if nothing can justify other crimes of a similar nature in the decades that followed WWII or in our present times. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict for that matter cannot either be solved by ignoring this past reality nor can the sufferings and unjust treatment of all concerned be put into a balance as if one crime should justify the other.

By claiming that the Holocaust was a Myth the current President of Iran has also spoken in the name of his compatriots on an issue that was neither mentioned in his electoral campaign nor suggested in the political agenda on which he campaigned in order to become president of a nation, where 70 % of the population was not even born at the time of the Revolution and aspires to change and Freedom.

The result however has been disastrous not only for the Iranian Jewish minority but also for the Iranian nation as a whole in that it has created a psychological environment where political opportunism and economic ambitions of the regime can thrive upon the same nationalistic and ideological arguments that in the past, in Nazi Germany in particular, have proved determinant in the advent of racial mindsets and bellicose behavior which far from solving issues such as unemployment or economic and social depression have served only as arguments to justify the current regime’s own shortcomings and totalitarian system of government.

In this context it is all the more encouraging to see that not only the Iranians in Iran removed their support to President Ahmadinejad at the last elections but also to see that the Iranian Intelligentsia in the Diaspora has become much more outspoken and unambiguous in condemning the Holocaust Denials and historical revisionisms that have been supported by the current regime and its henchmen.

Thanks to Human Rights Activist Ladan Boroumand and Sister Roya a statement has circulated this month clearly underlining their condemnation of the Tehran Holocaust Conference and expressing their homage and empathy for the victims and survivors of the Nazi extermination machine as well as all similar cases of crimes against humanity. Amongst the 100 signatories many are known faces in the community such as film directors, writers, actors, journalists or intellectuals others being unknown activists or simple citizens concerned by the return of dangerous ideologies that in the past have proved fatal.

* Statement and names of all the current signatories
* Recent UN resolution that condemns without reservation denials of the Nazi Holocaust by consensus

It should be noted that the Iranian signatories of the draft had the credit of doing so before the UN Resolution was even voted proving if needed of that when issues of Human Rights and dignity are concerned the Iranian Diaspora and its best representatives can unite and transcend political, religious or ideological differences in the name of universal humanistic principles.

May this constructive and necessary approach continue in the future.

[Rasputin]

۲٣ فوريه ۲۰۰۷

آنچه مرا واداشت كه به معرفي اين مقاله بپردازم دعوت رويزيونست هاي هولوكاست با پول مردم ايران به تهران بود كه يكسره منكر تاريخ كشتار، خونريزي، خودكامگي، تبعيض نژادي فاشيست ها مي باشند . براي نمونه دو نفر از حزب فاشيستها ي آلمان (ن پ د) در ليست شركت كننده گان در كنفرانس تهران ديده مي شود كه در واقع سقوط فكري و اخلاقي دعوت كننده را افشا مي كند. يكي به اسم برنهارد شواب است كه در اصل سوئيسي است كه سال هاي سال در سوئيس نفي هولوكاست را تبليغ مي كند و ديگري هم به اسم يورگن ني ماير است كه رئيس فاشيست هاي منطقه هرفورد در استان نورد راين وستفالن آلمان است. كار اين افراد و حزب شان تبليغ نژادپرستي, نفرت و خشونت بر ضد خارجي ها و مخصوصا توهين به مسلمانان مقيم آلمان است.

" سخنگوي دولت نهم تصريح كرد: طرح مساله هولوكاست تنها پرسشي براي عدم اجازه تحقيق در مورد اين واقعه تاريخي بود كه چون فضا آن قدر بسته و خفقان بود كه طرح اين پرسش، موج آفريد. بحث ديگر در رابطه با طرح اين پرسش اين بود كه چرا يك سرزمين اسلامي مانند فلسطين بايد پاسخگوي عملكرد دولت*هاي فاشيستي آلمان نازي باشد." امروز (نشريه انترنتي) ,چهارشنبه 25 بهمن, 1385

تحقيقات در باره هولوكاست و در واقع فاشيسم با جنيش دانشجوئي سال هاي 1960ميلادي در آلمان بيشتر شد و انتقاد جوانان آلمان ازنسل گذشته و سكوت در برابر جنايات فاشيسم يكي از دلايل اين جنبش بوده است. بسياري از والدين آلماني در آن زمان حاضر نبودند در ياره اين فاجعه سخن بگويند.
طرح اين نوع تحقيقات از طرف محققين در محيط دانشكاهي اوايل با مشكلات زيادي روبرو بوده ولي در آلمان غربي تحقيقات خيلي پيشرفت كرده است.
به هر حال سخنگوي دولت فضاي "بسته وخفقان" آور دانشكاه هاي ايران را با دانشگاه هاي غرب عوضي گرفته اند
مقاله زير گوشه اي از روابط رهبران فلسطين و آلمان نازي را مطرح مي كند و شايد جلوي داوري نادرست بدون اثبات يك پيش فرض گرفته شود.
برگردان : ا.م

در تازه ترين شماره روزنامه سويسي "نئو سوريشر تسايتونگ" (1) نقد داويد معتدل (دانشكاه كمبريج) به كتابي با عنوان "حلال احمر و صليب شكسته" (2) چاپ شده كه برگردانش را مي خوانيد. اين نوشته از زاويه ديگري هولوكاست را بررسي مي كند و نيازي به مقدّمه ندارد.

ناسيونال سوسياليست ها (فاشيستهاي آلمان) نقشه كشيده بودند هولوكاست را در مناطق فلسطين نشين آن زمان گسترش دهند و مي خواستند با كمك اعراب از پيدايش يك دولت يهودي جلوگيري كنند. سال پيش دو تاريخ نگار اشتوتكارتي كلاس ـ ميشل مالمان و مارتين كوپرس در مقاله اي بعنوان "نا بودي ملت يهود در مناطق فلسطين" نوشتند كه در بين تاريخ شناسان خيلي مورد توجه قرار گرفت. اين دو استاد تاريخ امسال با انتشار كتاب "حلال احمر و صليب شكسته" توا نستند در تحقيقات خودشان مدارك جديدي در رابطه مابين "رايش سوم" با اعراب خاورميانه را بطور منظم ارائه دهند. اين دو محقق توانستند بر خلاف تئوري جا افتاده حاكم كه "رايش سوم" هيج منافعي در خاورميانه نداشته است و در واقع از طرف استاد تاريخ فرانسيس نيكوزيا (3) مطرح شده بود نشان دهند كه اينطور نبوده است. همان اوائل حكومت نازي ها در آلمان جلوي امكان مهاجرت به فلسطين گرفته نمي شد ولي بزودي نازي ها از اين سياست خارجي فاصله گرفتند كه در انتها منجر به دوستي و برادري با ناسيوناليسم عرب براي مبارزه با "قدرت انگليسي ـ يهودي" شد.

يك كماندوي اعزامي
بعد از اينكه ارتش آلمان با تانك و توپ به رهبري اروين رومل (4) در سال 1941 وارد شمال آفريقا شد, نقشه هاي خيلي مشخص تري داشتند كه تا امروز كمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته شده است. برنامه فاشيستها تصرف خاورميانه و از بين بردن فيزيكي يهوديان در فلسطين بود, مثل قتل و عام سيستماتيك توده يهودي كه همزمان در اروپاي شرقي ادامه داشت. يك كماندو پليس كه از كماندوهاي نازي اروپاي شرقي الگو گرفته بود، در تابستان 1942 تشكيل شد. اين كماندو زير نظر افسر اس اس بنام والتر رآف (5) كه قبلا در اروپاي شرقي در كشت و كشتار يهوديان شركت مستقيم داشت شروع به كار كرد. ولي بعلت شكست سربازان ژنرال رومل اواخر سال 1942 در نبرد معروف صحرائي ال آلا ماين (6) قشون رومل به سمت غرب عقب نشيني و ميدان نبرد را ترك كرد. در نتيجه نقشه فلسطين از برنامه خارج شد و تمركز واحد ارتشي (گروهان كماندوئي) والتر رآف به غارتگري و كار اجباري يهوديان تونس انجاميد.
در استراتژي دولت نازي ها همكاري با اعراب در دستور كار بود. يكي از همكاران معروف امين آل حسيني, مفتي اورشليم (بيت المقدس) و رهبر جنبش ملي اعراب بود. (7) او در حين فرار از دست انگليسها (مدتي هم در سفارت ژاپن در تهران بود) خودش را در نوامبر 1941 به برلين ميرساند, كه مورد پذيرائي هيتلر قرار مي گيرد. امين ال حسيني اوايل سال 1942 در ماه فوريه از هيتلر خواستار كمك تسليحاتي شد كه دشمن مشترك را نابود كند، تا استقلال بعد از پيروزي بر دشمن مشترك "انگليسي ـ يهودي" بدست آيد. مفتي اورشليم از پايگاه خود در برلين حمايتش را در كشتار يهوديان اروپا دريغ نكرد و نقشه اش اين بود كه با كمك آدولف آيشمان كشتار يهوديان را در مناطق عرب نشين به پيش ببرد.
مورخين نزديكي آلمان ها با اعراب را در رابطه با مبارزات عربها برعليه شروع مهاجرت يهوديان از سال 1880 در فلسطين مي بينند. در دوران جنگ جهاني اول حملات شديدي بر عليه يهودها و مبارزات زير زميني بين اعراب و يهوديان در مناطق تحت سلطه انگليس بوقوع پيوست كه اوج مبارزات به قيام 1936 مفتي اورشليم انجاميد كه با برخورد شديد انگليسها مواجه گشت.
ناسيونال سوسياليست هاي آلمان در سال هاي 1930 در بين ملي گرايان عرب طرفداران زيادي داشتند ـ با وجود اينكه بخاطر تعقيب يهوديان در آلمان مهاجرت يهوديان آلمان زياد شده بود. ولي با همه اين مسائل اعراب هم خودشان را مثل آلمان ها قرباني قرارداد صلح پاريس مي ديدند و با شگفتي به هيتلر مي نگريستند كه چگونه "زنجير ورساي" را بدور انداخت و به قدرت جهاني انگليس شاخ و شانه مي كشيد. در ضمن رشد طرفداران هيتلر و آلمان به نظر نويسندگان نه فقط به اين خاطر, بلكه بخاطر سياست ضد صهيونيستي آلمان ها بود كه عرب ها را مجذوب هيتلر كرده بود.
گروهاي زيادي از اعراب افراطي و ملي گرا در سال هاي 30 از الگوي حزب فاشيست آلمان و از سمبول هاي ديگر فاشيست ها استفاده مي كردند.
طرف داران آلماني كمك مي كردند تا با شروع جنگ جهاني دوم تبليغات "رايش سوم" را در مناطق خاورميانه وسعت دهند. در نهايت بعد از اينكه پيشروي ارتش آلمان در شمال آفريقا متوقف شد و نقشه تصرف خاورميانه به شكست انجاميد, برلين از اين تاريخ به بعد بيشتر تمركز نيروهاي خود را براي تبليغات "مقاومت اعراب" صرف كرد. آلمان ها با تبليغات گسترده ضدانگليسي و ضديهودي طرفدارانشان را بسيچ مي كردند. اين تبليغات از طريق مفتي اورشليم رهبري و در خاور ميانه بوسيله اعراب سمپات فاشيسم تبليغ مي شد.
اين اتحاد فقط يك منافع استراتژيك بين آلمان و اعراب نبود بلكه از لحاظ ايدولوژي هم ناسيوناليسم عرب با ناسيونال سوسياليست آلمان همسوئي داشت. به غير از ديد مشترك كه تنفر از يهوديان بود, ضدامپرياليسم و ضدكمونيست بودن پل ايدولوژي آن ها را تشكيل مي داد. ولي هنور روشن نيست كه چه جايگاهي ايدئولوژي در برابر نيازهاي ملموس استراتژي داشت. امكان دارد كه تفكر پراگماتستي براي هر دو جريان مهمتر بود و ايدولوژي پايه اين اتحاد را تشكيل نميداد. چون هيتلر در كتاب "مبارزه من" خيلي تحقيرآميز از اعراب ياد مي كند و اداره سياسي نژادي ن اس د آ پ (9) ابتدا از سال 1942 واژه "سميتيش" (سامي) را شروع كردند فقط به يهوديان نسبت دادن.
در حقيقت نويسندگان اين كتاب با غلو، رشد ضد سامي و طرفداري از آلمان ها را بيشتر از واقعيات موجود متذكر مي شوند, ولي مي بايست بطور نسبي به اين موضوع برخورد كرد. بدليل اينكه اين سمپاتي همه جا به چشم نمي خورد. در شمال آفريقا اعراب با نقشه هاي تجاوزكارانه فاشيست هاي ايتاليا و مناطق مسكوني فرانسوي كه سمپات ويشي بودند درگيري داشتند. تحقيقات مورخ آمريكائي روبرت ساتلوف (10) را مي توان مكمل تحقيقات مالمان و كوپرز ديد. ساتلوف نشان مي دهد كه سمپاتي دنياي عرب به ناسيونال سوسياليستهاي آلماني بيشتر به موقعيت محلي مناطق اعراب نشين مربوط مي شد. خيلي از اعراب در جبهه متفقين بر ضد فاشيست ها مبارزه مي كردند. براي قضاوت دقيق تر فضاي سياسي دنياي اعراب آن زمان بهتر بود اسناد اصلي عربي در نظر گرفته مي شد. شناخت نويسندگان در درجه اول اخبار و اسناد منتشر شده آلمان ها مي باشد كه درواقع از گزارشگراني تهيه شده كه علاقه مند بودند اثرات تبليغات آلمان ها را مخصوصا بيش از حد موفقيت آميز جلوه دهند.

[Rasputin]

نويسندگان با شيوه تاريخ نگاري و نقل شرح وقايع (11) به اين موضوع مي پردازند است و نه متدولوژي آناليزي با جهت گيري هدفمند. نويسندگان در چندين جبهه در آن واحد مبارزه مي كنند و به همين نسبت هم به چيزهاي خرد و متعدد مي پردازند و نيروي خود را پراكنده مي كنند. مثلا فقط من غير مستقيم به مسلمانان ارتش دفاعي آلمان (12) و واحدهاي مسلمان اس اس از مناطق كريم تاتار, بوسني, آلباني ها و زندا نيان ارتش سرخ اشاره هاي مي شود كه در واقع از اين زاويه مي بايست رابطه بين دولت نازي ها (13) و مسلمان ها تجزيه و تحليل مي شد.

سياست آلمان ها در شرق
تز نيكوزيا كه معتقد است آلمان ها هيج علاقه اي به خاورميانه نداشته اند با نگارش اين كتاب ناهمخواني دارد. البته مولفين نتوانستند تز نيكوزيا را رد كنند كه در سال هاي 1930 آلمان ها منافع ايتاليا در خاورميانه را مراعات مي كردند و دخالت سريع نداشتند. ولي در عين حال نويسندگان در اين كتاب خيلي قانع كننده نشان مي دهند كه زمان جنگ يك گردش جديدي به وقوع پيوست. با در نظر گرفتن منابعي كه تا بحال در پژوهشها مورد توجه قرار نگرفته بود, نويسندگان نشان مي دهند كه "رايش سوم" در جنگ نقشه اش اين بود تعقيب يهوديان را در شرق درياي مديترانه وسعت دهد و آن موقع در دنياي عرب تبليغات ضد سامي (يهودي) زمينه مساعدي داشت.
البته در سالهاي 60 و 70 قرن پيش تحقيقاتي در اين رابطه شروع شد كه اثر لو كاج هيروويتس (14) مهمترينش مي باشد.
خدمت شايسته نويسندگان اين كتاب در اين نهفته است كه به موضوعي مي پردازند كه مدتها در تحقيقات به حالت كج دار و مريض بر خورد مي شد. مالمان و كوپرز يك كتاب مهيج و واضح 287 صفحه اي نوشته اند كه زير بناي يك تحقيق سيستماتيك در باره رابط بين حلال احمر و صليب شكسته را پايه ريزي كرده است. براي خواننده هنوز هم تازه و موضوع روز بنظر مي رسد.


(1) Neue Zürcher Zeitung , Nr.43, Jahrgang 228, Mittwoch 2007-02-21, S. 26
(2) Klaus-Michael Mallmann, Martin Cüppers: Halbmond und Hakenkreuz. Das Dritte Reich, die Araber und Palästina. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft (Darmstadt) 2006. 287 Seiten.
ISBN 3-534-19729-1
(3) Nicosia, Francis R.: The Third Reich and the Palestine Question, Austin (University of Texas Press), 1985.
(4) Erwin Rommel (1891-1944)
(5) SS-Obersturmbannführers Walther Rauff (1906- 1984)
والتر راف مسئول ساختن اتوبوس هائي بود كه با گاز يهود ها را خفه مي كردند. او بعد از جنگ جهاني دوم به شيلي فرار كرد و در زمان پينوشه صاحب يك كارخانه كنسرو سازي در شيلي بود.
(6) El Alamein
(7) Mufti Haj Muhammad Amin al-Husseini
آل حسيني يكي از فاميل هاي ياسير عرفات مي باشد.
Mein Kampf
(9) NSDAP
(10) Satloff, Robert: Among the Righteous. Lost Stories from the Holocaust’s Long Reach Into Arab Lands, 2006.
(11)Narativ
(12) Reichswehr
(13) Nazi Staat
(14) Lukasz Hirszowicz, The Third Reich and the Arab east,1966

[Rasputin]

TEHRAN, Feb. 26 — A group of Iranian academics, writers and artists has denounced the Holocaust conference held in Tehran late last year, calling it a move that endangered peace and hurt the reputation of Iranian academics.

The Iranian government organized a two-day gathering in December, billed it as a legitimate conference on the historical record and invited notorious Holocaust deniers and white supremacists from around the world. Among those from the United States was the former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke.

The Foreign Ministry held the event after President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said several times that the Holocaust was a myth invented to justify the state of Israel.

In a bold gesture, more than 20 academics, writers and artists, many of whom live outside of Iran, signed a statement that was sent to The New York Times and circulated on the Internet last week, arguing that the gathering was an exercise in propaganda.

The statement said the conference harmed the academic image of Iranian universities and merely provided a pretext for warmongers in the region. It added that the gathering perpetuated the immoral stance of Holocaust denial, a position that seriously endangers world peace.

“The extensive material evidence, the confessions made in the Nuremberg trial and other trials that took place after the war and the testimonies of the survivors established the veracity of the accounts beyond any doubt,” the statement said.

“The accuracy of the accounts has been acknowledged by many academic, political and religious authorities, including the Catholic Church.”

The statement added that talking inconsiderately about the genocide can only be described as rubbing salt into a historical wound.

“Those who perpetuate the discourse on Holocaust denial ignore the feelings of the people directly affected by this event,” it said.

The statement also argued that denying the Holocaust would not help the Palestinian cause. “No matter what political position we adopt regarding the creation of Israel and its further expansion, the historical evidence for the Holocaust remains intact,” it said.

“The Palestinians, like all other nations, have a right to enjoy their livelihood in their own independent state,” the statement added. “This right has nothing to do with the denial or acknowledgment of the Holocaust.”

Given the risk of harassment and repression for those who criticize the government, dissent over the so-called conference had been slow to build. Recently, reformist politicians and several members of Parliament voiced their outrage over the consequences of holding such an event.

Akbar Alami, the parliamentary representative from the northwestern city of Tabriz, had asked Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki to appear in Parliament to explain the ministry’s plans for decreasing tension with the West in January and accused Mr. Ahmadinejad of conducting a reckless foreign policy.

“Why did we have to bring up the issue of the Holocaust, which belongs to 60 years ago?” Mr. Alami asked Mr. Mottaki.

Mehdi Karoubi, a veteran politician and a former speaker of Parliament, criticized the event last week, saying that it led to a United Nations resolution against Iran.

“Have we ever asked how questioning the Holocaust has harmed us and what price we had to pay for it?” he asked in a speech at Tehran University, the ILNA Labor news agency reported.

The United Nations reacted to the event in Tehran by adopting a resolution without vote that rejected denial of the Holocaust as a historical event.